Shared decision making probably leads to lower antibiotics prescribed or dispensed (6 weeks or less) compared with usual care (moderate certainty).
Shared decision making showed no clear difference in antibiotics prescribed or dispensed (12 months or greater) compared with usual care (low certainty).
Oral showed no clear difference in adverse events requiring discontinuation of antibiotics compared with intravenous antibiotic therapy (low certainty).
It is very uncertain whether antibiotics plus probiotics changes failure to induce clinical remission at end of study compared with placebo or no intervention (very low certainty).
The review found no eligible studies for this question.
It is very uncertain whether antibiotics plus probiotics changes serious adverse events compared with placebo or no intervention (very low certainty).
It is very uncertain whether antibiotics plus probiotics changes withdrawals due to adverse events compared with placebo or no intervention (very low certainty).
Benefits and harms of CSF plus antibiotics showed no clear difference in overall mortality compared with antibiotics alone (low certainty).
Benefits and harms of CSF plus antibiotics showed no clear difference in infection‐related mortality compared with antibiotics alone (low certainty).
Benefits and harms of CSF plus antibiotics may leads to lower people hospitalized for > 10 days compared with antibiotics alone (low certainty).
Benefits and harms of CSF plus antibiotics showed no clear difference in duration of grade IV neutropenia (lower values signify better… compared with antibiotics alone (low certainty).
Benefits and harms of CSF plus antibiotics showed no clear difference in time to recovery from fever (lower values signify better outcomes) compared with antibiotics alone (low certainty).
Benefits and harms of CSF plus antibiotics showed no clear difference in time to withdrawal from ATB (lower values signify better outcomes) compared with antibiotics alone (low certainty).
Benefits and harms of CSF plus antibiotics showed no clear difference in deep vein thrombosis compared with antibiotics alone (low certainty).
Nasal antibiotics showed no clear difference in peritonitis (number of patients with one or more episodes) compared with placebo/no treatment (low certainty).
Nasal antibiotics showed no clear difference in exit‐site/ tunnel infection (number of patients with one or more… compared with placebo/no treatment (low certainty).
Nasal antibiotics showed no clear difference in catheter removal or replacement (number of patients) compared with placebo/no treatment (low certainty).