Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

2,805 questions · 2,912 findings · 307 reviews · Headline outcomes only

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No studies found 706 · 24.2%GRADE not reported 133 · 4.6%Very low 786 · 27%Low 696 · 23.9%Moderate 474 · 16.3%High 117 · 4%

Intervention not reported

Any CIN2+ irrespective of HPV type (age 15 to 26 years) · adolescent girls and women aged 15 to 45 years who were HPV16/18 negative before vaccination

The intervention leads to lower any CIN2+ irrespective of HPV type (age 15 to 26 years) (high certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Prophylactic vaccination against human papillomaviruses to prevent cervical cancer and its precursors 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.41 [0.32, 0.52]
3 studies · 19143 participants
High

Intervention not reported

Any CIN3+ irrespective of HPV type (age 15 to 26 years) · adolescent girls and women aged 15 to 45 years regardless of HPV DNA status at baseline

The intervention probably leads to lower any CIN3+ irrespective of HPV type (age 15 to 26 years) (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Prophylactic vaccination against human papillomaviruses to prevent cervical cancer and its precursors 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.67 [0.49, 0.93]
3 studies · 35489 participants
Moderate

Intervention not reported

Any CIN3+ irrespective of HPV type (age 15 to 26 years), · adolescent girls and women aged 15 to 45 years regardless of HPV DNA status at baseline

The intervention leads to lower any CIN3+ irrespective of HPV type (age 15 to 26 years), (high certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Prophylactic vaccination against human papillomaviruses to prevent cervical cancer and its precursors 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.55 [0.43, 0.71]
2 studies · 18329 participants
High

Intervention not reported

Any AIS irrespective of HPV type (age 15 to 26 years) · adolescent girls and women aged 15 to 45 years regardless of HPV DNA status at baseline

The intervention leads to lower any AIS irrespective of HPV type (age 15 to 26 years) (high certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Prophylactic vaccination against human papillomaviruses to prevent cervical cancer and its precursors 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.32 [0.15, 0.67]
2 studies · 34562 participants
High

Home‐based record combined with other interventions vs usual care

Proportion of children who received all recommended vaccines by 2 years of age · children aged 1 year

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Interventions for improving coverage of childhood immunisation in low‐ and middle‐income countries 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Home‐based record combined with other interventions vs usual care

Proportion of children under 5 years of age fully immunised with all scheduled vaccines · children aged 1 year

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Interventions for improving coverage of childhood immunisation in low‐ and middle‐income countries 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Omega‐3 vs placebo

Mental state: psychotic symptoms Average total score (PANSS, higher score = worse, scale from 30‐210) Long‐term (up to 7 years) · people in the prodromal stage of psychosis

1 finding from 1 review

Interventions for prodromal stage of psychosis 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 81 participants
Low

Home (point‐of‐use) fortification of foods with multiple micronutrient powders vs placebo or no intervention

Anaemia · preschool and school‐age children

Point‐of‐use fortification of foods with micronutrients powders (MNP) probably leads to lower anaemia (defined as haemoglobin < 110 g/L for children aged 24‐59… compared with no intervention or placebo (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Point‐of‐use fortification of foods with micronutrient powders containing iron in children of preschool and school‐age 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.66 [0.49, 0.88]
10 studies · 2448 participants
Moderate

Intervention not reported

Sugar‐sweetened beverage consumption · children aged six months to six years

The intervention showed no clear difference in sugar‐sweetened beverage consumption (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Healthy eating interventions delivered in early childhood education and care settings for improving the diet of… 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
SMD 0.1
3 studies · 522 participants
Moderate

Summary of findings table ‐ Pseudophakia vs aphakia

Glaucoma at 5 years · children younger than two years of age with bilateral congenital cataracts

It is very uncertain whether summary of findings table ‐ Pseudophakia changes glaucoma at 5 years compared with aphakia (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Surgical interventions for bilateral congenital cataract in children aged two years and under 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.86 [0.24, 3.1]
1 study · 54 participants
Very low

Vitamin D (higher dose) + micronutrient(s) vs vitamin D (lower dose) + micronutrient(s)

Mean height‐for‐age z‐score · children under 5 years of age

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Effects of oral vitamin D supplementation on linear growth and other health outcomes among children under five years… 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Vitamin D vs placebo or no intervention

Mean height‐for‐age z‐score · children under 5 years of age

1 finding from 1 review

Effects of oral vitamin D supplementation on linear growth and other health outcomes among children under five years… 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 1258 participants
Moderate

Vitamin D (higher dose) vs vitamin D (lower dose)

Mean height‐for‐age z‐score · children under 5 years of age

1 finding from 1 review

Effects of oral vitamin D supplementation on linear growth and other health outcomes among children under five years… 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
2 studies · 105 participants
Low

Intervention not reported

Pneumonia ‐ 12 to 58 months of age · children under 5 years of age with undifferentiated ARI

The intervention showed no clear difference in pneumonia ‐ 12 to 58 months of age (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Antibiotics for preventing suppurative complications from undifferentiated acute respiratory infections in children… 2016 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 1.1 [0.71, 1.69]
1 study · 563 participants
Moderate

Intervention not reported

Pneumonia ‐ 0 to 11 months of age · children under 5 years of age with undifferentiated ARI

The intervention showed no clear difference in pneumonia ‐ 0 to 11 months of age (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Antibiotics for preventing suppurative complications from undifferentiated acute respiratory infections in children… 2016 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.96 [0.52, 1.76]
1 study · 326 participants
Moderate

Intervention not reported

Estimated cumulative failure rate (3 years) · women aged ≤ 25 years with desire for contraception

1 finding from 1 review

Hormonal and intrauterine methods for contraception for women aged 25 years and younger 2015 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1130 participants
Low

Low‐ and middle‐income countries: Feeding vs control ‐ growth RCTs

Mean weight‐for‐age z‐score · Low‐ and middle‐income children aged 3 months to 5 years

1 finding from 1 review

Food supplementation for improving the physical and psychosocial health of socio‐economically disadvantaged children… 2015 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
8 studies · 1565 participants
Moderate

Low‐ and middle‐income countries: Feeding vs control ‐ growth RCTs

Stunting · Low‐ and middle‐income children aged 3 months to 5 years

1 finding from 1 review

Food supplementation for improving the physical and psychosocial health of socio‐economically disadvantaged children… 2015 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
9 studies · 4544 participants
Moderate

Low‐ and middle‐income countries: Feeding vs control. CBAs

Mean weight‐for‐age z‐score · Children aged 3 months to 5 years

1 finding from 1 review

Food supplementation for improving the physical and psychosocial health of socio‐economically disadvantaged children… 2015 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
4 studies · 999 participants
Very low

Low‐ and middle‐income countries: Feeding vs control. CBAs

Stunting · Children aged 3 months to 5 years

1 finding from 1 review

Food supplementation for improving the physical and psychosocial health of socio‐economically disadvantaged children… 2015 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
4 studies · 999 participants
Very low