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Each row is one question a systematic review asked: who, what, compared with what, and which outcome, with the effect it found and how certain that is. Words match anywhere in the field.
1,463 questions in 125 reviews · Anaesthesia
current versionsNo studies 197 · 13.5%Ungraded 203 · 13.9%Very low 307 · 21%Low 441 · 30.1%Moderate 245 · 16.7%High 70 · 4.8%
Ungraded means an effect was reported without a GRADE rating; it is not a gap. No studies means the review found nothing to answer the question. The six categories are a display order, not a score.
| Question | Effect | Evidence | Status / GRADE |
|---|---|---|---|
Paracervical vs systemic analgesia Postoperative pain · patients with cervical dilatation and uterine intervention Paracervical local anaesthesia for cervical dilatation and uterine intervention (2013) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 2 studies · 984 participants | High |
Paracervical vs systemic analgesia Requirement for postoperative analgesics · patients with cervical dilatation and uterine intervention Paracervical local anaesthesia for cervical dilatation and uterine intervention (2013) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 166 participants | Low |
Paracervical vs placebo Pain during uterine intervention ‐ Risk of any pain · patients with cervical dilatation and uterine intervention Paracervical local anaesthesia for cervical dilatation and uterine intervention (2013) · Cochrane | RR 0.85 [0.54, 1.34] | 2 studies · 242 participants | Low |
Paracervical vs systemic analgesia Adverse effects · patients with cervical dilatation and uterine intervention Paracervical local anaesthesia for cervical dilatation and uterine intervention (2013) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 3 studies · 571 participants | Low |
Paracervical vs systemic analgesia Patient satisfaction · patients with cervical dilatation and uterine intervention Paracervical local anaesthesia for cervical dilatation and uterine intervention (2013) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 166 participants | Low |
Paracervical vs placebo Pain during uterine intervention ‐ Risk of severe pain · patients with cervical dilatation and uterine intervention Paracervical local anaesthesia for cervical dilatation and uterine intervention (2013) · Cochrane | RR 0.16 [0.04, 0.74] | 2 studies · 242 participants | Moderate |
Paracervical vs placebo Postoperative pain ‐ Immediately after the procedure · patients with cervical dilatation and uterine intervention Paracervical local anaesthesia for cervical dilatation and uterine intervention (2013) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 3 studies · 223 participants | Low |
Paracervical vs placebo Adverse effects ‐ Nausea and vomiting · patients with cervical dilatation and uterine intervention Paracervical local anaesthesia for cervical dilatation and uterine intervention (2013) · Cochrane | RR 0.24 [0.02, 2.8] | 3 studies · 429 participants | Moderate |
Paracervical vs placebo Adverse effects ‐ Sweating · patients with cervical dilatation and uterine intervention Paracervical local anaesthesia for cervical dilatation and uterine intervention (2013) · Cochrane | RR 1.08 [0.7, 1.67] | 1 study · 142 participants | Moderate |
Paracervical vs placebo Adverse effects ‐ Hypotension · patients with cervical dilatation and uterine intervention Paracervical local anaesthesia for cervical dilatation and uterine intervention (2013) · Cochrane | RR 3.06 [1.21, 7.78] | 2 studies · 171 participants | Moderate |
Paracervical vs no anaesthesia Pain during the procedure · patients with cervical dilatation and uterine intervention Paracervical local anaesthesia for cervical dilatation and uterine intervention (2013) · Cochrane | OR 0.99 [0.52, 1.86] | 1 study · 215 participants | High |
Paracervical vs no anaesthesia Postoperative pain at different times ‐ Immediately after the procedure · patients with cervical dilatation and uterine intervention Paracervical local anaesthesia for cervical dilatation and uterine intervention (2013) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 2 studies · 273 participants | High |
infraclavicular block vs all other brachial plexus blocks Adequate surgical anaesthesia ‐ At 30 minutes post‐block assessment interval · patients with regional anaesthesia of the lower arm Infraclavicular brachial plexus block for regional anaesthesia of the lower arm (2013) · Cochrane | RR 0.88 [0.51, 1.52] | 14 studies · 1051 participants | High |
infraclavicular block vs all other brachial plexus blocks Supplementation required to achieve adequate surgical anaesthesia · patients with regional anaesthesia of the lower arm Infraclavicular brachial plexus block for regional anaesthesia of the lower arm (2013) · Cochrane | RR 0.95 [0.62, 1.46] | 17 studies · 1412 participants | High |
infraclavicular block vs all other brachial plexus blocks Tourniquet pain · patients with regional anaesthesia of the lower arm Infraclavicular brachial plexus block for regional anaesthesia of the lower arm (2013) · Cochrane | RR 0.66 [0.47, 0.92] | 8 studies · 615 participants | High |
infraclavicular block vs all other brachial plexus blocks Onset time of adequate surgical anaesthesia (minutes) · patients with regional anaesthesia of the lower arm Infraclavicular brachial plexus block for regional anaesthesia of the lower arm (2013) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 9 studies · 726 participants | Moderate |
infraclavicular block vs all other brachial plexus blocks Block performance time (minutes) ‐ multiple‐injection axillary block · patients with regional anaesthesia of the lower arm Infraclavicular brachial plexus block for regional anaesthesia of the lower arm (2013) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 6 studies · 391 participants | High |
infraclavicular block vs all other brachial plexus blocks Block performance time (minutes) ‐ mid‐humeral block · patients with regional anaesthesia of the lower arm Infraclavicular brachial plexus block for regional anaesthesia of the lower arm (2013) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 2 studies · 224 participants | Moderate |
Intervention NR Death (at one month) · participants ventilated by one‐lung Intravenous versus inhalation anaesthesia for one‐lung ventilation (2013) · Cochrane | RR 0 [0, 0] | 1 study · 54 participants | Very low |
Intervention NR Adverse postoperative outcomes · participants ventilated by one‐lung Intravenous versus inhalation anaesthesia for one‐lung ventilation (2013) · Cochrane | 1.56 [1.07, 2.29] | 3 studies · 132 participants | Low |
Music interventions vs standard care Preoperative anxiety (STAI) STAI. Scale from: 20 to 80. · patients with preoperative anxiety Music interventions for preoperative anxiety (2013) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 13 studies · 896 participants | Low |
Music interventions vs standard care Preoperative anxiety (non‐STAI) VAS, NRS · patients with preoperative anxiety Music interventions for preoperative anxiety (2013) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 7 studies · 504 participants | Low |
Music interventions vs standard care Heart rate · patients with preoperative anxiety Music interventions for preoperative anxiety (2013) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 16 studies · 1109 participants | Very low |
Music interventions vs standard care Heart rate variability LF/HF ratio · patients with preoperative anxiety Music interventions for preoperative anxiety (2013) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 2 studies · 241 participants | Very low |
Music interventions vs standard care Systolic blood pressure · patients with preoperative anxiety Music interventions for preoperative anxiety (2013) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 14 studies · 809 participants | Very low |
Music interventions vs standard care Diastolic blood pressure · patients with preoperative anxiety Music interventions for preoperative anxiety (2013) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 13 studies · 786 participants | Very low |
Music interventions vs standard care Respiratory rate · patients with preoperative anxiety Music interventions for preoperative anxiety (2013) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 6 studies · 375 participants | Very low |
Neuraxial vs general anaesthesia Mortality－At any time · participants with lower‐limb revascularization Neuraxial anaesthesia for lower‐limb revascularization (2013) · Cochrane | OR 0.89 [0.38, 2.07] | 4 studies · 696 participants | Low |
Neuraxial vs general anaesthesia Myocardial infarction－Spinal anaesthesia · participants with lower‐limb revascularization Neuraxial anaesthesia for lower‐limb revascularization (2013) · Cochrane | OR 1.89 [0.5, 7.21] | 2 studies · 306 participants | Low |
Neuraxial vs general anaesthesia Myocardial infarction－Epidural anaesthesia · participants with lower‐limb revascularization Neuraxial anaesthesia for lower‐limb revascularization (2013) · Cochrane | OR 0.98 [0.37, 2.58] | 3 studies · 390 participants | Low |
Neuraxial vs general anaesthesia Amputation rate－Spinal anaesthesia · participants with lower‐limb revascularization Neuraxial anaesthesia for lower‐limb revascularization (2013) · Cochrane | OR 1.04 [0.35, 3.06] | 2 studies · 235 participants | Low |
Neuraxial vs general anaesthesia Amputation rate－Epidural anaesthesia · participants with lower‐limb revascularization Neuraxial anaesthesia for lower‐limb revascularization (2013) · Cochrane | OR 0.66 [0.21, 2.07] | 2 studies · 230 participants | Low |
Neuraxial vs general anaesthesia Pneumonia · participants with lower‐limb revascularization Neuraxial anaesthesia for lower‐limb revascularization (2013) · Cochrane | OR 0.37 [0.15, 0.89] | 2 studies · 201 participants | Very low |
Perioperative statins vs placebo or no treatment All‐cause mortality · participants with improving outcomes during and after noncardiac vascular surgery. Perioperative statin therapy for improving outcomes during and after noncardiac vascular surgery (2013) · Cochrane | RR 0.73 [0.31, 1.75] | 3 studies · 178 participants | Low |
Perioperative statins vs placebo or no treatment Death from cardiovascular causes · participants with improving outcomes during and after noncardiac vascular surgery. Perioperative statin therapy for improving outcomes during and after noncardiac vascular surgery (2013) · Cochrane | RR 1.05 [0.07, 16.2] | 3 studies · 178 participants | Low |
Perioperative statins vs placebo or no treatment Myocardial infarction (non‐fatal) · participants with improving outcomes during and after noncardiac vascular surgery. Perioperative statin therapy for improving outcomes during and after noncardiac vascular surgery (2013) · Cochrane | RR 0.47 [0.15, 1.52] | 3 studies · 178 participants | Moderate |
Perioperative statins vs placebo or no treatment Stroke/TIA (non‐fatal) · participants with improving outcomes during and after noncardiac vascular surgery. Perioperative statin therapy for improving outcomes during and after noncardiac vascular surgery (2013) · Cochrane | RR 0.24 [0.03, 2.25] | 3 studies · 178 participants | Low |
Perioperative statins vs placebo or no treatment Participant‐reported outcomes－not measured · participants with improving outcomes during and after noncardiac vascular surgery. Perioperative statin therapy for improving outcomes during and after noncardiac vascular surgery (2013) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Perioperative statins vs placebo or no treatment Adverse muscle effects · participants with improving outcomes during and after noncardiac vascular surgery. Perioperative statin therapy for improving outcomes during and after noncardiac vascular surgery (2013) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 3 studies · 188 participants | Ungraded |
PLMA vs tracheal tube Failed placement/change of device · airway management during general anaesthesia in obese participants Supraglottic airway devices versus tracheal intubation for airway management during general anaesthesia in… (2013) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 2 studies · 118 participants | Low |
PLMA vs tracheal tube Episodes of hypoxaemia in PACU < 92% oxygen saturation · airway management during general anaesthesia in obese participants Supraglottic airway devices versus tracheal intubation for airway management during general anaesthesia in… (2013) · Cochrane | RR 0.27 [0.1, 0.72] | 1 study · 70 participants | Moderate |
PLMA vs tracheal tube Oxygen saturation of peripheral blood (%) in PACU · airway management during general anaesthesia in obese participants Supraglottic airway devices versus tracheal intubation for airway management during general anaesthesia in… (2013) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 2 studies · 204 participants | Low |
PLMA vs tracheal tube Pulmonary aspiration of gastric contents · airway management during general anaesthesia in obese participants Supraglottic airway devices versus tracheal intubation for airway management during general anaesthesia in… (2013) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 2 studies · 232 participants | Ungraded |
PLMA vs tracheal tube Serious respiratory complications and mortality－not reported · airway management during general anaesthesia in obese participants Supraglottic airway devices versus tracheal intubation for airway management during general anaesthesia in… (2013) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
PLMA vs tracheal tube Laryngospasm/bronchoconstriction between induction and recovery · airway management during general anaesthesia in obese participants Supraglottic airway devices versus tracheal intubation for airway management during general anaesthesia in… (2013) · Cochrane | RR 0.5 [0.09, 2.84] | 2 studies · 232 participants | Very low |
PLMA vs tracheal tube Time to secure airway · airway management during general anaesthesia in obese participants Supraglottic airway devices versus tracheal intubation for airway management during general anaesthesia in… (2013) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 70 participants | Low |
Nurse‐led vs doctor‐led POA Cancellation for clinical reasons · elective surgical patients requiring regional or general anaesthesia Nurse‐led versus doctor‐led preoperative assessment for elective surgical patients requiring regional or… (2013) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 0 studies · 0 participants | Ungraded |
Nurse‐led vs doctor‐led POA Cancellation by patient · elective surgical patients requiring regional or general anaesthesia Nurse‐led versus doctor‐led preoperative assessment for elective surgical patients requiring regional or… (2013) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 0 studies · 0 participants | Ungraded |
Nurse‐led vs doctor‐led POA Patient satisfaction with POA · elective surgical patients requiring regional or general anaesthesia Nurse‐led versus doctor‐led preoperative assessment for elective surgical patients requiring regional or… (2013) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 42 participants | Ungraded |
Nurse‐led vs doctor‐led POA Gain in patient information or knowledge · elective surgical patients requiring regional or general anaesthesia Nurse‐led versus doctor‐led preoperative assessment for elective surgical patients requiring regional or… (2013) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 0 studies · 0 participants | Ungraded |