What do systematic reviews say?

Intervention not reported

• Automated telephone communication systems for preventive healthcare and management of long‐term conditions 2016 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  1 study · 521 participants
  Low

Intervention not reported

• Transcutaneous electrical stimulation (TES) for treatment of constipation in children 2016 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  1 study · 30 participants
  Very low

Intervention not reported

The intervention may leads to lower active smoking, hospital setting (low certainty).

• Impact of institutional smoking bans on reducing harms and secondhand smoke exposure 2016 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.75 [0.69, 0.81]
  8 studies · 5986 participants
  Low

Intervention not reported

The intervention may leads to lower active smoking, university setting (low certainty).

• Impact of institutional smoking bans on reducing harms and secondhand smoke exposure 2016 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.72 [0.64, 0.8]
  2 studies · 6369 participants
  Low

Intervention not reported

The intervention showed no clear difference in active smoking, prison setting (low certainty).

• Impact of institutional smoking bans on reducing harms and secondhand smoke exposure 2016 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.99 [0.84, 1.16]
  1 study · 130 participants
  Low

Counseling + audiovisual tool vs usual care

It is very uncertain whether counseling + audiovisual tool changes effectiveness of method used at last intercourse (at 1 year)… compared with usual care (very low certainty).

• Brief educational strategies for improving contraception use in young people 2016 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  OR 1.51
  1195 participants
  Very low

Counseling + audiovisual tool vs usual care

It is very uncertain whether counseling + audiovisual tool changes partner's use of OC at last intercourse (at 1 year) sexually active at compared with usual care (very low certainty).

• Brief educational strategies for improving contraception use in young people 2016 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  OR 1.66
  1195 participants
  Very low

Low socioeconomic position and adverse behavioural factors vs Higher socioeconomic position and fewer adverse behaviours

In one 5-year longitudinal study, accumulation of low socioeconomic and behavioural factors was associated with greater periodontal disease progression and higher C-reactive protein; not pooled (ungraded).

• Social-Biological Interactions in Oral Disease: A 'Cells to Society' View. 2016 All outcomes

  5-year follow-up · General adult population, Germany (Study of Health in Pomerania)
  no estimate extracted
  1 study · 3300 participants
  GRADE not reported

Fixed-appliance orthodontic treatment incorporating surgically assisted orthodontics (adjunctive surgical procedure: corticotomy, micro-osteoperforation or interseptal bone reduction) to increase the rate of tooth movement vs Conventional orthodontic appliance treatment

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Surgical adjunctive procedures for accelerating orthodontic treatment 2015 · Cochrane All outcomes
  SoF row: Illustrative comparative risks '‐' / '‐'; no relative effect; Comments: 'Not reported'. Results: 'Our prespecified primary outcome (the duration of orthodontic treatment, number of visits during active…
  0 studies
  No studies found

Intervention not reported

• Antiviral treatment and other therapeutic interventions for herpes simplex virus epithelial keratitis 2015 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  7 participants
  Low

Intervention not reported

• Antiviral treatment and other therapeutic interventions for herpes simplex virus epithelial keratitis 2015 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  7 participants
  Very low

Intervention not reported

• Antiviral treatment and other therapeutic interventions for herpes simplex virus epithelial keratitis 2015 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  7 participants
  Low

Caffeine reduction vs control

• Lifestyle interventions for the treatment of urinary incontinence in adults 2015 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  1 study · 11 participants
  Very low

Intervention not reported

• Non‐pharmacological interventions for assisting the induction of anaesthesia in children 2015 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  1 study · 76 participants
  Very low

Intervention not reported

• Non‐pharmacological interventions for assisting the induction of anaesthesia in children 2015 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  1 study · 70 participants
  Very low

Intervention not reported

It is very uncertain whether the intervention changes anxiety during induction ‐ hypnosis vs. midazolam (Interactive)… (very low certainty).

• Non‐pharmacological interventions for assisting the induction of anaesthesia in children 2015 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.59 [0.33, 1.04]
  1 study · 50 participants
  Very low

Intervention not reported

The intervention showed no clear difference in cure or completion of treatment for active TB (low certainty).

• Incentives and enablers to improve adherence in tuberculosis 2015 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 1.04 [0.97, 1.13]
  2 studies · 4356 participants
  Low

Intervention not reported

• Community wide interventions for increasing physical activity 2015 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  Low

Intervention not reported

• Community wide interventions for increasing physical activity 2015 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  High

Summary of findings table 4: refining rehabilitation: three months of postoperative night splinting with hand therapy vs hand therapy alone

• Surgery for Dupuytren's contracture of the fingers 2015 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  2 studies · 225 participants
  Low