What do systematic reviews say?

Pulmonary rehabilitation vs no pulmonary rehabilitation

Pulmonary rehabilitation showed no clear difference in long‐term survival (incidence of mortality) compared with no pulmonary rehabilitation (low certainty).

• Pulmonary rehabilitation for interstitial lung disease 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  OR 0.4 [0.14, 1.12]
  4 studies · 291 participants
  Low

Pulmonary rehabilitation vs no pulmonary rehabilitation

• Pulmonary rehabilitation for interstitial lung disease 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  3 studies · 123 participants
  Low

Summary of findings table ‐ Psychological interventions vs control

Summary of findings table ‐ Psychological treatment showed no clear difference in cardiovascular mortality ‐ long‐term compared with control; GRADE not reported.

• Psychological and pharmacological interventions for depression in patients with coronary artery disease 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  OR 0.83 [0.62, 1.1]
  2 studies · 2720 participants
  GRADE not reported

Discontinuing cholinesterase inhibitor vs continued cholinesterase inhibitor

• Withdrawal or continuation of cholinesterase inhibitors or memantine or both, in people with dementia 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  1 study · 108 participants
  Moderate

Discontinuing cholinesterase inhibitor vs continued cholinesterase inhibitor

• Withdrawal or continuation of cholinesterase inhibitors or memantine or both, in people with dementia 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  1 study · 109 participants
  Moderate

Discontinuing cholinesterase inhibitor vs continued cholinesterase inhibitor

• Withdrawal or continuation of cholinesterase inhibitors or memantine or both, in people with dementia 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  1 study · 108 participants
  Moderate

Primary‐level worker‐led collaborative care vs usual care

Primary‐level worker‐led collaborative care may leads to lower service utilisation ‐ referral to mental health team ‐ long term (7… compared with usual care (low certainty).

• Primary‐level worker interventions for the care of people living with mental disorders and distress in low‐ and… 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.46 [0.33, 0.64]
  1 study · 907 participants
  Low

HFNC vs NIPPV or NIV

• High‐flow nasal cannulae for respiratory support in adult intensive care patients 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  Very low

HFNC vs standard oxygen therapy

• High‐flow nasal cannulae for respiratory support in adult intensive care patients 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  2 studies · 445 participants
  Very low

Intervention not reported

The intervention showed no clear difference in discharge from hospital to new long‐term care placement 536… (low certainty).

• Non‐pharmacological interventions for preventing delirium in hospitalised non‐ICU patients 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.77 [0.55, 1.07]
  1 study · 536 participants
  Low

Conservative treatment vs endovascular coiling

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Treatments for unruptured intracranial aneurysms 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  No studies found

Microsurgical clipping vs endovascular coiling

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Treatments for unruptured intracranial aneurysms 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  No studies found

Humour‐based interventions vs usual care

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Humour‐based interventions for people with schizophrenia 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  No studies found

Humour‐based interventions vs usual care

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Humour‐based interventions for people with schizophrenia 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  No studies found

Humour‐based interventions vs usual care

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Humour‐based interventions for people with schizophrenia 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  No studies found

Humour‐based interventions vs active control

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Humour‐based interventions for people with schizophrenia 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  No studies found

Humour‐based interventions vs active control

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Humour‐based interventions for people with schizophrenia 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  No studies found

Humour‐based interventions vs active control

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Humour‐based interventions for people with schizophrenia 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  No studies found

Intervention not reported

The intervention may leads to higher long‐term neurological sequelae other than hearing loss defined as… (low certainty).

• Non‐corticosteroid adjuvant therapies for acute bacterial meningitis 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 2.32 [1.34, 4.04]
  2 studies · 901 participants
  Low

Anti‐IL‐4Rα mAb (dupilumab) vs placebo (on top of topical steroids)

Anti‐IL‐4Rα mAb (dupilumab) showed no clear difference in adverse events ‐ nasopharyngitis, including sore throat (longest… compared with placebo (on top of topical steroids) (low certainty).

• Biologics for chronic rhinosinusitis 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.95 [0.72, 1.25]
  3 studies · 783 participants
  Low