Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

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Evidence found and GRADE certainty

1,296 questions · 1,330 findings · 157 reviews · Headline outcomes only

No studies found 297 · 22.3%GRADE not reported 88 · 6.6%Very low 327 · 24.6%Low 317 · 23.8%Moderate 239 · 18%High 62 · 4.7%

Prophylactic antibiotics vs placebo or no treatment

Mesh exposure · women with urinary stress incontinence undergoing continence surgery

It is very uncertain whether prophylactic antibiotics (single or combined drugs) changes number of mesh exposures within six weeks after the operation compared with placebo or no treatment (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Prophylactic antibiotics vs placebo

Preterm prelabour rupture of membranes · women in the second or third trimester of pregnancy before labour and delivery

Prophylactic antibiotics showed no clear difference in preterm prelabour rupture of membranes compared with placebo (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Prophylactic antibiotics vs placebo

Puerperal sepsis/postpartum endometritis · women in the second or third trimester of pregnancy before labour and delivery

Prophylactic antibiotics probably leads to lower puerperal sepsis/postpartum endometritis compared with placebo (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Treatment failure with anti‐gram‐positive antibiotics vs placebo

Overall failure (disregarding modifications) · people with cancer who have febrile neutropenia

Treatment failure with anti‐gram‐positive antibiotics showed no clear difference in overall failure (disregarding modifications) compared with placebo (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Treatment failure with anti‐gram‐positive antibiotics vs placebo

Failure, modifications included · people with cancer who have febrile neutropenia

It is very uncertain whether treatment failure with anti‐gram‐positive antibiotics changes failure, modifications included compared with placebo (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Gastrointestinal adverse events in people taking macrolide antibiotics vs placebo

Gastrointestinal disorders not otherwise specified · any indication

Gastrointestinal adverse events in people taking macrolide antibiotics probably leads to higher gastrointestinal disorders not otherwise specified compared with placebo (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Prophylactic intravenous antibiotics administered before cesarean incision vs after neonatal umbilical cord clamping

Maternal composite morbidity · women undergoing caesarean section

Prophylactic intravenous antibiotics administered before cesarean… leads to lower maternal composite morbidity compared with after neonatal umbilical cord clamping (high certainty).

1 finding from 1 review