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Each row is one question a systematic review asked: who, what, compared with what, and which outcome, with the effect it found and how certain that is. Words match anywhere in the field.
1,751 questions in 147 reviews · Pain, Palliative and Supportive Care
current versionsNo studies 361 · 20.6%Ungraded 87 · 5%Very low 625 · 35.7%Low 367 · 21%Moderate 232 · 13.2%High 79 · 4.5%
Ungraded means an effect was reported without a GRADE rating; it is not a gap. No studies means the review found nothing to answer the question. The six categories are a display order, not a score.
| Question | Effect | Evidence | Status / GRADE |
|---|---|---|---|
TENS vs placebo TENS Withdrawals due to adverse events · adults with fibromyalgia Transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS) for fibromyalgia in adults (2017) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 2 studies · 54 participants | Very low |
TENS vs no treatment Participant‐reported pain relief ≥ 30% (≥ 30% pain relief) · adults with fibromyalgia Transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS) for fibromyalgia in adults (2017) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | Very low |
TENS vs no treatment Participant‐reported pain relief ≥ 50% (≥ 50% pain relief) · adults with fibromyalgia Transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS) for fibromyalgia in adults (2017) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | Very low |
TENS vs no treatment PGIC much or very much improved · adults with fibromyalgia Transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS) for fibromyalgia in adults (2017) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | Very low |
TENS vs no treatment PGIC very much improved · adults with fibromyalgia Transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS) for fibromyalgia in adults (2017) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | Very low |
Gabapentin vs placebo 30% pain reduction at 12 weeks · adults with fibromyalgia Gabapentin for fibromyalgia pain in adults (2017) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 150 participants | Very low |
Gabapentin vs placebo 50% pain reduction at 12 weeks · adults with fibromyalgia Gabapentin for fibromyalgia pain in adults (2017) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | Very low |
Gabapentin vs placebo PGIC ‐ any category of "better" at 12 weeks · adults with fibromyalgia Gabapentin for fibromyalgia pain in adults (2017) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 150 participants | Very low |
Gabapentin vs placebo Withdrawals due to adverse events · adults with fibromyalgia Gabapentin for fibromyalgia pain in adults (2017) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 150 participants | Very low |
Gabapentin vs placebo Serious adverse events · adults with fibromyalgia Gabapentin for fibromyalgia pain in adults (2017) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 150 participants | Very low |
Gabapentin vs placebo Deaths · adults with fibromyalgia Gabapentin for fibromyalgia pain in adults (2017) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 150 participants | Very low |
NSAID vs placebo Substantial pain relief: at least 50% reduction in pain, or PGIC much improved · adults with fibromyalgia Oral nonsteroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs for fibromyalgia in adults (2017) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 2 studies · 146 participants | Very low |
NSAID vs placebo Moderate pain relief: at least 30% reduction in pain, or PGIC much or very much improved · adults with fibromyalgia Oral nonsteroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs for fibromyalgia in adults (2017) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 3 studies · 192 participants | Very low |
NSAID vs placebo Serious adverse events · adults with fibromyalgia Oral nonsteroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs for fibromyalgia in adults (2017) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | Very low |
NSAID vs placebo Adverse event withdrawal · adults with fibromyalgia Oral nonsteroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs for fibromyalgia in adults (2017) · Cochrane | RD 0.04 | 4 studies · 230 participants | Very low |
NSAID vs placebo Participants experiencing any adverse event · adults with fibromyalgia Oral nonsteroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs for fibromyalgia in adults (2017) · Cochrane | RD 0.08 | 4 studies · 230 participants | Very low |
NSAID vs placebo All cause withdrawal · adults with fibromyalgia Oral nonsteroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs for fibromyalgia in adults (2017) · Cochrane | RD 0.03 | 3 studies · 192 participants | Very low |
NSAID vs placebo Death · adults with fibromyalgia Oral nonsteroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs for fibromyalgia in adults (2017) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | Very low |
Methadone vs placebo Moderate benefit:at least 30% reductionin pain, orPGIC much or verymuch improved · adults with chronic neuropathic pain Methadone for neuropathic pain in adults (2017) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 2 studies · 29 participants | Very low |
Methadone vs placebo Substantial benefit:at least 50% reductionin pain, orPGIC much improved · adults with chronic neuropathic pain Methadone for neuropathic pain in adults (2017) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 19 participants | Very low |
Methadone vs placebo Withdrawals due to lack of efficacy · adults with chronic neuropathic pain Methadone for neuropathic pain in adults (2017) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 2 studies · 29 participants | Very low |
Methadone vs placebo Withdrawals due toadverse event withdrawal · adults with chronic neuropathic pain Methadone for neuropathic pain in adults (2017) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 2 studies · 29 participants | Very low |
Methadone vs placebo Participants experiencing anyserious adverseevents · adults with chronic neuropathic pain Methadone for neuropathic pain in adults (2017) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | Very low |
Methadone vs placebo Deaths · adults with chronic neuropathic pain Methadone for neuropathic pain in adults (2017) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | Very low |
Methadone vs placebo CI: confidence interval. · adults with chronic neuropathic pain Methadone for neuropathic pain in adults (2017) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Oral tramadol vs oral morphine Participants with pain reduction of 30% or greater from baseline · people with pain due to cancer Tramadol with or without paracetamol (acetaminophen) for cancer pain (2017) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 227 participants | Very low |
Oral tramadol vs oral morphine Participants with pain reduction of 50% or greater from baseline · people with pain due to cancer Tramadol with or without paracetamol (acetaminophen) for cancer pain (2017) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 227 participants | Very low |
Oral tramadol vs oral morphine Participants with pain no worse than mild · people with pain due to cancer Tramadol with or without paracetamol (acetaminophen) for cancer pain (2017) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 227 participants | Very low |
Oral tramadol vs oral morphine Participants with PGIC of much improved or very much improved · people with pain due to cancer Tramadol with or without paracetamol (acetaminophen) for cancer pain (2017) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 227 participants | Very low |
Oral tramadol vs oral morphine Serious adverse events (death) · people with pain due to cancer Tramadol with or without paracetamol (acetaminophen) for cancer pain (2017) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 2 studies · 280 participants | Very low |
Oral tramadol vs oral morphine Other adverse events · people with pain due to cancer Tramadol with or without paracetamol (acetaminophen) for cancer pain (2017) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | Very low |
Oral tramadol vs oral morphine Withdrawals · people with pain due to cancer Tramadol with or without paracetamol (acetaminophen) for cancer pain (2017) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | Very low |
Amitriptyline vs gabapentin Participant‐reported pain relief of 30% or greater · children and adolescents (birth to 17 years) with chronic non‐cancer pain Antidepressants for chronic non‐cancer pain in children and adolescents (2017) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Amitriptyline vs placebo Adverse events · children and adolescents (birth to 17 years) with chronic non‐cancer pain Antidepressants for chronic non‐cancer pain in children and adolescents (2017) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 2 studies · 123 participants | Very low |
Amitriptyline vs placebo Serious adverse events · children and adolescents (birth to 17 years) with chronic non‐cancer pain Antidepressants for chronic non‐cancer pain in children and adolescents (2017) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 2 studies · 123 participants | Very low |
Amitriptyline vs placebo Withdrawals due to adverse events · children and adolescents (birth to 17 years) with chronic non‐cancer pain Antidepressants for chronic non‐cancer pain in children and adolescents (2017) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 2 studies · 123 participants | Very low |
Citalopram vs placebo Participant‐reported pain relief of 30% or greater · children and adolescents with functional abdominal pain Antidepressants for chronic non‐cancer pain in children and adolescents (2017) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Citalopram vs placebo Participant‐reported pain relief of 50% or greater · children and adolescents with functional abdominal pain Antidepressants for chronic non‐cancer pain in children and adolescents (2017) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Citalopram vs placebo Patient Global Impression of Change: much improved or very much improved · children and adolescents with functional abdominal pain Antidepressants for chronic non‐cancer pain in children and adolescents (2017) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Citalopram vs placebo Adverse events · children and adolescents with functional abdominal pain Antidepressants for chronic non‐cancer pain in children and adolescents (2017) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 115 participants | Very low |
Citalopram vs placebo Serious adverse events · children and adolescents with functional abdominal pain Antidepressants for chronic non‐cancer pain in children and adolescents (2017) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 115 participants | Very low |
Citalopram vs placebo Withdrawals due to adverse events · children and adolescents with functional abdominal pain Antidepressants for chronic non‐cancer pain in children and adolescents (2017) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 115 participants | Very low |
Amitriptyline vs gabapentin Participant‐reported pain relief of 50% or greater · children and adolescents (birth to 17 years) with chronic non‐cancer pain Antidepressants for chronic non‐cancer pain in children and adolescents (2017) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Amitriptyline vs gabapentin Patient Global Impression of Change: much improved or very much improved · children and adolescents (birth to 17 years) with chronic non‐cancer pain Antidepressants for chronic non‐cancer pain in children and adolescents (2017) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Amitriptyline vs gabapentin Adverse events · children and adolescents (birth to 17 years) with chronic non‐cancer pain Antidepressants for chronic non‐cancer pain in children and adolescents (2017) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 34 participants | Very low |
Amitriptyline vs gabapentin Serious adverse events · children and adolescents (birth to 17 years) with chronic non‐cancer pain Antidepressants for chronic non‐cancer pain in children and adolescents (2017) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 34 participants | Very low |
Amitriptyline vs gabapentin Withdrawals due to adverse events · children and adolescents (birth to 17 years) with chronic non‐cancer pain Antidepressants for chronic non‐cancer pain in children and adolescents (2017) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 34 participants | Very low |
Amitriptyline vs placebo Participant‐reported pain relief of 30% or greater · children and adolescents (birth to 17 years) with chronic non‐cancer pain Antidepressants for chronic non‐cancer pain in children and adolescents (2017) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Amitriptyline vs placebo Participant‐reported pain relief of 50% or greater · children and adolescents (birth to 17 years) with chronic non‐cancer pain Antidepressants for chronic non‐cancer pain in children and adolescents (2017) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Amitriptyline vs placebo Patient Global Impression of Change: much improved or very much improved · children and adolescents (birth to 17 years) with chronic non‐cancer pain Antidepressants for chronic non‐cancer pain in children and adolescents (2017) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |