Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

3,801 questions · 4,079 findings · 473 reviews

Sort:Best matchNewest Highest certainty Download CSV

No studies found 669 · 16.4%GRADE not reported 852 · 20.9%Very low 738 · 18.1%Low 903 · 22.1%Moderate 716 · 17.6%High 201 · 4.9%

Micropulse vs continuous‐wave cyclophotocoagulation

Mean change in IOP measured in mmHg 12 months postintervention · adults with refractory glaucoma

1 finding from 1 review

Cyclodestructive procedures for refractory glaucoma 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 48 participants
GRADE not reported

Indirect restorations (crowns, fixed partial dentures, inlays/onlays/veneers) vs None (single-group incidence)

Pulp necrosis · Vital teeth restored with indirect restorations

Pulp necrosis incidence among treated by prosthodontists was 1.87% (subgroup analysis; not GRADE-rated).

23 findings from 1 review

Incidence and influential factors in pulp necrosis and periapical pathosis following indirect restorations: a… 2023 All outcomes
Follow-up ≤5 to >10 years · University clinics and dental practices, multiple countries · Treated by prosthodontists
Proportion 1.87 [0.84, 3.31]
3834 participants
GRADE not reported
Incidence and influential factors in pulp necrosis and periapical pathosis following indirect restorations: a… 2023 All outcomes
Follow-up ≤5 to >10 years · University clinics and dental practices, multiple countries · PFM fabrication material
Proportion 5.71 [0.12, 18.75]
1980 participants
GRADE not reported
Incidence and influential factors in pulp necrosis and periapical pathosis following indirect restorations: a… 2023 All outcomes
>5-10 years · University clinics and dental practices, multiple countries · Follow-up >5-10 years
Proportion 5.53 [3.74, 7.64]
2443 participants
GRADE not reported

Show 20 more findings

Incidence and influential factors in pulp necrosis and periapical pathosis following indirect restorations: a… 2023 All outcomes
Follow-up ≤5 to >10 years · University clinics and dental practices, multiple countries · Temporization >2 weeks
Proportion 4.25 [1.28, 8.85]
2280 participants
GRADE not reported
Incidence and influential factors in pulp necrosis and periapical pathosis following indirect restorations: a… 2023 All outcomes
>10 years · University clinics and dental practices, multiple countries · Follow-up >10 years
Proportion 6.74 [2.82, 12.18]
3640 participants
GRADE not reported
Incidence and influential factors in pulp necrosis and periapical pathosis following indirect restorations: a… 2023 All outcomes
Follow-up ≤5 to >10 years · University clinics and dental practices, multiple countries · Temporization ≤2 weeks
Proportion 1.47 [0.81, 2.31]
1907 participants
GRADE not reported
Incidence and influential factors in pulp necrosis and periapical pathosis following indirect restorations: a… 2023 All outcomes
Follow-up ≤5 to >10 years · University clinics and dental practices, multiple countries · Radiographic pulp-status assessment
Proportion 4.95 [2.43, 8.29]
1853 participants
GRADE not reported
Incidence and influential factors in pulp necrosis and periapical pathosis following indirect restorations: a… 2023 All outcomes
Follow-up ≤5 to >10 years · University clinics and dental practices, multiple countries · Polyvinyl siloxane impression material
Proportion 3.17 [1.55, 5.34]
636 participants
GRADE not reported
Incidence and influential factors in pulp necrosis and periapical pathosis following indirect restorations: a… 2023 All outcomes
Follow-up ≤5 to >10 years · University clinics and dental practices, multiple countries · Resin permanent cement
Proportion 3.37 [1.90, 5.23]
738 participants
GRADE not reported
Incidence and influential factors in pulp necrosis and periapical pathosis following indirect restorations: a… 2023 All outcomes
Follow-up ≤5 to >10 years · University clinics and dental practices, multiple countries · Eugenol-based temporary cement
Proportion 3.34 [1.66, 5.58]
7043 participants
GRADE not reported
Incidence and influential factors in pulp necrosis and periapical pathosis following indirect restorations: a… 2023 All outcomes
≤5 years · University clinics and dental practices, multiple countries · Follow-up ≤5 years
Proportion 3.53 [2.10, 5.31]
5532 participants
GRADE not reported
Incidence and influential factors in pulp necrosis and periapical pathosis following indirect restorations: a… 2023 All outcomes
Follow-up ≤5 to >10 years · University clinics and dental practices, multiple countries
Proportion 5.02 [3.70, 6.52]
37 studies · 11615 participants
Low
Incidence and influential factors in pulp necrosis and periapical pathosis following indirect restorations: a… 2023 All outcomes
Follow-up ≤5 to >10 years · University clinics and dental practices, multiple countries · Treated by general practitioners
Proportion 4.44 [2.16, 7.49]
2113 participants
GRADE not reported
Incidence and influential factors in pulp necrosis and periapical pathosis following indirect restorations: a… 2023 All outcomes
Follow-up ≤5 to >10 years · University clinics and dental practices, multiple countries · Single-unit restorations
Proportion 5.46 [3.63, 7.64]
20 studies · 5491 participants
GRADE not reported
Incidence and influential factors in pulp necrosis and periapical pathosis following indirect restorations: a… 2023 All outcomes
Follow-up ≤5 to >10 years · University clinics and dental practices, multiple countries · Zinc phosphate permanent cement
Proportion 4.92 [3.85, 6.20]
1387 participants
GRADE not reported
Incidence and influential factors in pulp necrosis and periapical pathosis following indirect restorations: a… 2023 All outcomes
Follow-up ≤5 to >10 years · University clinics and dental practices, multiple countries · Polyether impression material
Proportion 4.02 [2.47, 5.92]
2985 participants
GRADE not reported
Incidence and influential factors in pulp necrosis and periapical pathosis following indirect restorations: a… 2023 All outcomes
Follow-up ≤5 to >10 years · University clinics and dental practices, multiple countries · Ceramic fabrication material
Proportion 5.59 [2.89, 9.12]
460 participants
GRADE not reported
Incidence and influential factors in pulp necrosis and periapical pathosis following indirect restorations: a… 2023 All outcomes
Follow-up ≤5 to >10 years · University clinics and dental practices, multiple countries · Subjective pulp-status assessment
Proportion 3.91 [1.86, 6.66]
3181 participants
GRADE not reported
Incidence and influential factors in pulp necrosis and periapical pathosis following indirect restorations: a… 2023 All outcomes
Follow-up ≤5 to >10 years · University clinics and dental practices, multiple countries · Eugenol-free temporary cement
Proportion 5.77 [3.72, 8.24]
639 participants
GRADE not reported
Incidence and influential factors in pulp necrosis and periapical pathosis following indirect restorations: a… 2023 All outcomes
Follow-up ≤5 to >10 years · University clinics and dental practices, multiple countries · Treated by undergraduate students
Proportion 5.68 [3.17, 8.86]
1604 participants
GRADE not reported
Incidence and influential factors in pulp necrosis and periapical pathosis following indirect restorations: a… 2023 All outcomes
Follow-up ≤5 to >10 years · University clinics and dental practices, multiple countries · Glass ionomer (GIC) permanent cement
Proportion 5.33 [2.56, 9.03]
182 participants
GRADE not reported
Incidence and influential factors in pulp necrosis and periapical pathosis following indirect restorations: a… 2023 All outcomes
Follow-up ≤5 to >10 years · University clinics and dental practices, multiple countries · Objective pulp-status assessment
Proportion 5.66 [3.71, 7.99]
6581 participants
GRADE not reported
Incidence and influential factors in pulp necrosis and periapical pathosis following indirect restorations: a… 2023 All outcomes
Follow-up ≤5 to >10 years · University clinics and dental practices, multiple countries · Fixed partial dentures (FPD)
Proportion 5.01 [2.76, 7.88]
15 studies · 4674 participants
GRADE not reported

Tooth location

Pulp necrosis · Vital teeth

One study reported a 7.1% incidence in mandibular posterior teeth.

8 findings from 1 review

Incidence and influential factors in pulp necrosis and periapical pathosis following indirect restorations: a… 2023 All outcomes
Kontakiotis et al. 2015 mandibular posterior
Proportion 7.1
1 study
GRADE not reported
Incidence and influential factors in pulp necrosis and periapical pathosis following indirect restorations: a… 2023 All outcomes
Cheung et al. 2005 mandibular anterior
Proportion 0
1 study
GRADE not reported
Incidence and influential factors in pulp necrosis and periapical pathosis following indirect restorations: a… 2023 All outcomes
Cheung et al. 2005 mandibular posterior
Proportion 6.1
1 study
GRADE not reported

Show 5 more findings

Incidence and influential factors in pulp necrosis and periapical pathosis following indirect restorations: a… 2023 All outcomes
Kontakiotis et al. 2015 maxillary anterior
Proportion 9.4
1 study
GRADE not reported
Incidence and influential factors in pulp necrosis and periapical pathosis following indirect restorations: a… 2023 All outcomes
Cheung et al. 2005 maxillary anterior
Proportion 30.2
1 study
GRADE not reported
Incidence and influential factors in pulp necrosis and periapical pathosis following indirect restorations: a… 2023 All outcomes
Cheung et al. 2005 maxillary posterior
Proportion 23.7
1 study
GRADE not reported
Incidence and influential factors in pulp necrosis and periapical pathosis following indirect restorations: a… 2023 All outcomes
Kontakiotis et al. 2015 mandibular anterior
Proportion 11.8
1 study
GRADE not reported
Incidence and influential factors in pulp necrosis and periapical pathosis following indirect restorations: a… 2023 All outcomes
Kontakiotis et al. 2015 maxillary posterior
Proportion 7.5
1 study
GRADE not reported

Indirect restoration placement by undergraduate students vs None (single-group incidence)

Pulp necrosis · Vital teeth

The pooled incidence with undergraduate students was 5.68%.

2 findings from 1 review

Incidence and influential factors in pulp necrosis and periapical pathosis following indirect restorations: a… 2023 All outcomes
Undergraduate students
Proportion 5.68 [3.17, 8.86]
1604 participants
GRADE not reported
Incidence and influential factors in pulp necrosis and periapical pathosis following indirect restorations: a… 2023 All outcomes
General practitioners
Proportion 4.44 [2.16, 7.49]
2113 participants
GRADE not reported

Pre-operative caries fillings or crowns vs Intact teeth

Pulp necrosis · Vital teeth

One study reported a 13% incidence in teeth with pre-operative caries fillings or crowns.

2 findings from 1 review

Incidence and influential factors in pulp necrosis and periapical pathosis following indirect restorations: a… 2023 All outcomes
Pre-operative caries fillings or crowns
Proportion 13
1 study
GRADE not reported
Incidence and influential factors in pulp necrosis and periapical pathosis following indirect restorations: a… 2023 All outcomes
Intact teeth
Proportion 5
1 study
GRADE not reported

Eugenol-based temporary cement vs Eugenol-free temporary cement

Pulp necrosis · Vital teeth

The pooled incidence with eugenol-based temporary cement was 3.34%.

2 findings from 1 review

Incidence and influential factors in pulp necrosis and periapical pathosis following indirect restorations: a… 2023 All outcomes
Eugenol-based
Proportion 3.34 [1.66, 5.58]
7043 participants
GRADE not reported
Incidence and influential factors in pulp necrosis and periapical pathosis following indirect restorations: a… 2023 All outcomes
Eugenol-free
Proportion 5.77 [3.72, 8.24]
639 participants
GRADE not reported

Intervention not reported

Pulp necrosis

1 finding from 1 review

Incidence and influential factors in pulp necrosis and periapical pathosis following indirect restorations: a… 2023 All outcomes
Reversible hydrocolloid impression material
Proportion 1.19
1 study
GRADE not reported

Glass ionomer (GIC) permanent cement vs Glass ionomer cement or zinc phosphate cement

Pulp necrosis · Vital teeth

The pooled incidence with GIC permanent cement was 5.33%.

1 finding from 1 review

Incidence and influential factors in pulp necrosis and periapical pathosis following indirect restorations: a… 2023 All outcomes
GIC
Proportion 5.33 [2.56, 9.03]
182 participants
GRADE not reported

Indirect restorations (crowns, fixed partial dentures, inlays/onlays/veneers) vs Follow-up duration

Pulp necrosis · Vital teeth

The pooled incidence with > 5–10 years of follow-up was 5.53%.

1 finding from 1 review

Incidence and influential factors in pulp necrosis and periapical pathosis following indirect restorations: a… 2023 All outcomes
> 5–10 years · > 5–10 years
Proportion 5.53 [3.74, 7.64]
2443 participants
GRADE not reported

Polyether impression material vs Polyvinyl siloxane impression material

Pulp necrosis · Vital teeth

The pooled incidence with polyether impression material was 4.02%.

2 findings from 1 review

Incidence and influential factors in pulp necrosis and periapical pathosis following indirect restorations: a… 2023 All outcomes
Polyether
Proportion 4.02 [2.47, 5.92]
2985 participants
GRADE not reported
Incidence and influential factors in pulp necrosis and periapical pathosis following indirect restorations: a… 2023 All outcomes
Polyvinyl siloxane
Proportion 3.17 [1.55, 5.34]
636 participants
GRADE not reported

Intervention not reported

Head impulse

1 finding from 1 review

Head impulse, nystagmus, and test of skew examination for diagnosing central causes of acute vestibular syndrome 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
9 studies · 905 participants
Low

Intervention not reported

Video head impulse

1 finding from 1 review

Head impulse, nystagmus, and test of skew examination for diagnosing central causes of acute vestibular syndrome 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
3 studies · 239 participants
Very low

Ceramic restoration material vs Porcelain-fused-to-metal restoration material

Pulp necrosis · Vital teeth

The pooled incidence with ceramic restorations was 5.59%.

1 finding from 1 review

Incidence and influential factors in pulp necrosis and periapical pathosis following indirect restorations: a… 2023 All outcomes
Ceramic
Proportion 5.59 [2.89, 9.12]
460 participants
GRADE not reported

Zinc polycarboxylate cement

Pulp necrosis · Vital teeth

One study reported a 1.1% incidence with zinc polycarboxylate permanent cement.

1 finding from 1 review

Incidence and influential factors in pulp necrosis and periapical pathosis following indirect restorations: a… 2023 All outcomes
Zinc polycarboxylate
Proportion 1.1
1 study
GRADE not reported

Intervention not reported

Pulp necrosis

1 finding from 1 review

Incidence and influential factors in pulp necrosis and periapical pathosis following indirect restorations: a… 2023 All outcomes
Compound impression material
Proportion 3.27
1 study
GRADE not reported

Indirect restorations (crowns, fixed partial dentures, inlays/onlays/veneers) vs None (single-group incidence)

Pulp necrosis · Vital teeth

The pooled incidence with ≤ 5 years of follow-up was 3.53%.

1 finding from 1 review

Incidence and influential factors in pulp necrosis and periapical pathosis following indirect restorations: a… 2023 All outcomes
≤ 5 years · ≤ 5 years
Proportion 3.53 [2.10, 5.31]
5532 participants
Low

Summary of findings: Inhaled antibiotics vs IV antibiotics

Time to next pulmonary exacerbation · adults and children with cystic fibrosis (during acute exacerbations of lung disease)

1 finding from 1 review

Inhaled antibiotics for pulmonary exacerbations in cystic fibrosis 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 59 participants
Very low

Intervention not reported

Proportion of patients with COPD referred to, participating in or having completed pulmonary rehabilitation · health professionals managing COPD

1 finding from 1 review

Educational interventions for health professionals managing chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in primary care 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
4 studies · 625 participants
Low

Thrombolytic therapy vs heparin: primary outcome measures

Recurrence of pulmonary emboli · patients with acute pulmonary embolism

Thrombolytic therapy may leads to lower recurrence of pulmonary emboli (duration of compared with heparin: primary outcome measures (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Thrombolytic therapy for pulmonary embolism 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
OR 0.54 [0.32, 0.91]
12 studies · 2050 participants
Low

Intervention not reported

Index test, population · people living with HIV and non‐hospitalized people in high‐risk groups

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Xpert MTB/RIF and Xpert Ultra assays for screening for pulmonary tuberculosis and rifampicin resistance in adults,… 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found