What do systematic reviews say?

u‐hCG vs r‐hCG

• Synchronised approach for intrauterine insemination in subfertile couples 2014 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  2 studies · 468 participants
  Moderate

Early hCG vs late hCG

Early hCG showed no clear difference in pregnancy rate per couple compared with late hCG (low certainty).

• Synchronised approach for intrauterine insemination in subfertile couples 2014 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  OR 1.32 [0.77, 2.25]
  1 study · 612 participants
  Low

Early hCG vs late hCG

It is very uncertain whether early hCG changes miscarriage rate compared with late hCG (very low certainty).

• Synchronised approach for intrauterine insemination in subfertile couples 2014 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  OR 0.51 [0.08, 3.28]
  1 study · 65 participants
  Very low

Low‐dose hCG vs FSH throughout the COH

It is very uncertain whether low‐dose hCG changes live birth compared with FSH throughout the COH (very low certainty).

• FSH replaced by low‐dose hCG in the late follicular phase versus continued FSH for assisted reproductive techniques 2013 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 1.56 [0.75, 3.25]
  2 studies · 130 participants
  Very low

Low‐dose hCG vs FSH throughout the COH

It is very uncertain whether low‐dose hCG changes OHSS compared with FSH throughout the COH (very low certainty).

• FSH replaced by low‐dose hCG in the late follicular phase versus continued FSH for assisted reproductive techniques 2013 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  OR 0.3 [0.06, 1.59]
  5 studies · 351 participants
  Very low

Low‐dose hCG vs FSH throughout the COH

Low‐dose hCG showed no clear difference in ongoing pregnancy compared with FSH throughout the COH (low certainty).

• FSH replaced by low‐dose hCG in the late follicular phase versus continued FSH for assisted reproductive techniques 2013 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 1.17 [0.83, 1.64]
  3 studies · 252 participants
  Low

Low‐dose hCG vs FSH throughout the COH

Low‐dose hCG showed no clear difference in clinical pregnancy compared with FSH throughout the COH (low certainty).

• FSH replaced by low‐dose hCG in the late follicular phase versus continued FSH for assisted reproductive techniques 2013 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 1.19 [0.92, 1.55]
  5 studies · 351 participants
  Low

Low‐dose hCG vs FSH throughout the COH

It is very uncertain whether low‐dose hCG changes miscarriage compared with FSH throughout the COH (very low certainty).

• FSH replaced by low‐dose hCG in the late follicular phase versus continued FSH for assisted reproductive techniques 2013 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 1.08 [0.5, 2.31]
  4 studies · 127 participants
  Very low

Low‐dose hCG vs FSH throughout the COH

• FSH replaced by low‐dose hCG in the late follicular phase versus continued FSH for assisted reproductive techniques 2013 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  5 studies · 333 participants
  Moderate

Low‐dose hCG vs FSH throughout the COH

• FSH replaced by low‐dose hCG in the late follicular phase versus continued FSH for assisted reproductive techniques 2013 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  5 studies · 333 participants
  Moderate

Long protocol vs long protocol (extend GnRHa 12 days after HCG)

Long protocol (GnRHa until HCG) showed no clear difference in live birth and ongoing pregnancies per woman randomised compared with long protocol (extend GnRHa 12 days after HCG) (low certainty).

• Gonadotrophin‐releasing hormone agonist protocols for pituitary suppression in assisted reproduction 2015 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  OR 0.89 [0.49, 1.64]
  1 study · 181 participants
  Low

Long protocol vs long protocol (extend GnRHa 12 days after HCG)

Long protocol (GnRHa until HCG) showed no clear difference in clinical pregnancies per woman randomised compared with long protocol (extend GnRHa 12 days after HCG) (low certainty).

• Gonadotrophin‐releasing hormone agonist protocols for pituitary suppression in assisted reproduction 2015 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  OR 1.02 [0.57, 1.83]
  1 study · 181 participants
  Low

Intervention not reported

It is very uncertain whether the intervention changes live birth Cleavage stage: hCG < 500 IU (very low certainty).

• Intrauterine administration of human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) for subfertile women undergoing assisted reproduction 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.76 [0.58, 1.01]
  1 study · 280 participants
  Very low

Intervention not reported

It is very uncertain whether the intervention changes clinical pregnancy Cleavage stage: hCG < 500 IU (very low certainty).

• Intrauterine administration of human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) for subfertile women undergoing assisted reproduction 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.88 [0.7, 1.1]
  1 study · 280 participants
  Very low

Modified natural cycle FET (HCG trigger) vs HT FET

Modified natural cycle FET (HCG trigger) showed no clear difference in live birth rate per woman compared with HT FET (low certainty).

• Cycle regimens for frozen‐thawed embryo transfer 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  OR 1.34 [0.88, 2.05]
  1 study · 959 participants
  Low

Modified natural cycle FET (HCG trigger) vs HT FET

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Cycle regimens for frozen‐thawed embryo transfer 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  No studies found

Modified natural cycle FET (HCG trigger) vs HT FET

Modified natural cycle FET (HCG trigger) showed no clear difference in ongoing pregnancy rate per woman compared with HT FET (low certainty).

• Cycle regimens for frozen‐thawed embryo transfer 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  OR 1.21 [0.8, 1.83]
  1 study · 959 participants
  Low

Modified natural cycle FET (HCG trigger) vs HT FET

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Cycle regimens for frozen‐thawed embryo transfer 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  No studies found

Modified natural cycle FET (HCG trigger) vs HT + GnRHa FET

Modified natural cycle FET (HCG trigger) showed no clear difference in live birth rate per woman compared with HT + GnRHa suppression FET (low certainty).

• Cycle regimens for frozen‐thawed embryo transfer 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  OR 1.11 [0.66, 1.87]
  1 study · 236 participants
  Low

Modified natural cycle FET (HCG trigger) vs HT + GnRHa FET

Modified natural cycle FET (HCG trigger) showed no clear difference in miscarriage rate per woman compared with HT + GnRHa suppression FET (low certainty).

• Cycle regimens for frozen‐thawed embryo transfer 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  OR 0.74 [0.25, 2.19]
  1 study · 236 participants
  Low