What do systematic reviews say?

Moxibustion + conventional treatment vs Western medicine

Moxibustion + conventional treatment showed no clear difference in the incidence and severity of toxicities: leukopenia (WHO grade 3 to… compared with conventional medicine alone (low certainty).

• Moxibustion for alleviating side effects of chemotherapy or radiotherapy in people with cancer 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.14 [0.01, 2.64]
  1 study · 56 participants
  Low

Heparin prophylaxis vs no prophylaxis

Heparin prophylaxis showed no clear difference in thrombocytopenia compared with no prophylaxis (moderate certainty).

• Parenteral anticoagulation in ambulatory patients with cancer 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.69 [0.37, 1.27]
  12 studies · 5832 participants
  Moderate

Leuprorelin vs treosulfan

• Luteinising hormone releasing hormone (LHRH) agonists for the treatment of relapsed epithelial ovarian cancer 2016 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  Very low

Intervention not reported

The intervention leads to higher thrombocytopenia (grade 3/4) (high certainty).

• Pegylated liposomal doxorubicin for first‐line treatment of epithelial ovarian cancer 2013 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 8.09 [3.93, 16.67]
  1 study · 803 participants
  High

Early discontinuation of antibiotic treatment vs treatment until neutropenia resolution

Early discontinuation of antibiotic treatment showed no clear difference in mortality compared with treatment until neutropenia resolution (low certainty).

• Early discontinuation of antibiotics for febrile neutropenia versus continuation until neutropenia resolution in… 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 1.38 [0.73, 2.62]
  8 studies · 603 participants
  Low

Early discontinuation of antibiotic treatment vs treatment until neutropenia resolution

It is very uncertain whether early discontinuation of antibiotic treatment changes clinical failure compared with treatment until neutropenia resolution (very low certainty).

• Early discontinuation of antibiotics for febrile neutropenia versus continuation until neutropenia resolution in… 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 1.23 [0.85, 1.77]
  7 studies · 645 participants
  Very low

Early discontinuation of antibiotic treatment vs treatment until neutropenia resolution

It is very uncertain whether early discontinuation of antibiotic treatment changes any bacteraemia compared with treatment until neutropenia resolution (very low certainty).

• Early discontinuation of antibiotics for febrile neutropenia versus continuation until neutropenia resolution in… 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 1.56 [0.91, 2.66]
  8 studies · 662 participants
  Very low

Pre‐emptive antifungal therapy vs empirical antifungal therapy

Pre‐emptive antifungal therapy showed no clear difference in all‐cause mortality compared with empirical antifungal therapy (low certainty).

• Pre‐emptive antifungal therapy versus empirical antifungal therapy for febrile neutropenia in people with cancer 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.97 [0.72, 1.3]
  6 studies · 1459 participants
  Low

Pre‐emptive antifungal therapy vs empirical antifungal therapy

Pre‐emptive antifungal therapy showed no clear difference in mortality ascribed to fungal infection compared with empirical antifungal therapy (low certainty).

• Pre‐emptive antifungal therapy versus empirical antifungal therapy for febrile neutropenia in people with cancer 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.92 [0.45, 1.89]
  5 studies · 1407 participants
  Low

Pre‐emptive antifungal therapy vs empirical antifungal therapy

It is very uncertain whether pre‐emptive antifungal therapy changes proportion of antifungal agent use (other than prophylactic use) compared with empirical antifungal therapy (very low certainty).

• Pre‐emptive antifungal therapy versus empirical antifungal therapy for febrile neutropenia in people with cancer 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.71 [0.47, 1.05]
  7 studies · 1480 participants
  Very low

Pre‐emptive antifungal therapy vs empirical antifungal therapy

It is very uncertain whether pre‐emptive antifungal therapy changes duration of antifungal use (days) compared with empirical antifungal therapy (very low certainty).

• Pre‐emptive antifungal therapy versus empirical antifungal therapy for febrile neutropenia in people with cancer 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  3 studies · 764 participants
  Very low

Pre‐emptive antifungal therapy vs empirical antifungal therapy

It is very uncertain whether pre‐emptive antifungal therapy changes invasive fungal infection detection compared with empirical antifungal therapy (very low certainty).

• Pre‐emptive antifungal therapy versus empirical antifungal therapy for febrile neutropenia in people with cancer 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 1.7 [0.71, 4.05]
  7 studies · 1480 participants
  Very low

Pre‐emptive antifungal therapy vs empirical antifungal therapy

• Pre‐emptive antifungal therapy versus empirical antifungal therapy for febrile neutropenia in people with cancer 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  4 studies · 1074 participants
  Very low

Adverse events with anti‐gram‐positive antibiotics vs placebo

Mortality with anti‐gram‐positive antibiotics showed no clear difference in overall mortality compared with placebo (moderate certainty).

• Empirical antibiotics targeting gram‐positive bacteria for the treatment of febrile neutropenic patients with cancer 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.9 [0.64, 1.25]
  8 studies · 1242 participants
  Moderate

Treatment failure with anti‐gram‐positive antibiotics vs placebo

Treatment failure with anti‐gram‐positive antibiotics showed no clear difference in overall failure (disregarding modifications) compared with placebo (low certainty).

• Empirical antibiotics targeting gram‐positive bacteria for the treatment of febrile neutropenic patients with cancer 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 1 [0.79, 1.27]
  7 studies · 943 participants
  Low

Treatment failure with anti‐gram‐positive antibiotics vs placebo

It is very uncertain whether treatment failure with anti‐gram‐positive antibiotics changes failure, modifications included compared with placebo (very low certainty).

• Empirical antibiotics targeting gram‐positive bacteria for the treatment of febrile neutropenic patients with cancer 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.72 [0.65, 0.79]
  11 studies · 2169 participants
  Very low

Adverse events with anti‐gram‐positive antibiotics vs placebo

It is very uncertain whether adverse events with anti‐gram‐positive antibiotics changes any adverse events compared with placebo (very low certainty).

• Empirical antibiotics targeting gram‐positive bacteria for the treatment of febrile neutropenic patients with cancer 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 1.74 [1.5, 2.01]
  9 studies · 1936 participants
  Very low

Intervention not reported

It is very uncertain whether the intervention changes overall mortality (very low certainty).

• Granulocyte transfusions for treating infections in people with neutropenia or neutrophil dysfunction 2016 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.75 [0.54, 1.04]
  6 studies · 321 participants
  Very low

Intervention not reported

The intervention showed no clear difference in clinical response to infection (low certainty).

• Granulocyte transfusions for treating infections in people with neutropenia or neutrophil dysfunction 2016 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.98 [0.81, 1.19]
  5 studies · 286 participants
  Low

Intervention not reported

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Granulocyte transfusions for treating infections in people with neutropenia or neutrophil dysfunction 2016 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  No studies found