Smoking cessation · people who smoke
Bupropion plus nicotine replacement therapy (NRT) showed no clear difference in smoking cessation (at least six months of compared with NRT alone (low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Serious adverse events · people who smoke
Bupropion plus nicotine replacement therapy (NRT) showed no clear difference in serious adverse events compared with NRT alone (low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Dropouts due to treatment · people who smoke
Bupropion plus nicotine replacement therapy (NRT) showed no clear difference in dropouts due to treatment compared with NRT alone (low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Change in weight (kg) · People who have quit smoking
Nicotine replacement therapy for smoking cessation showed no clear difference in mean weight change (kg) at end of treatment compared with placebo (moderate certainty).
3 findings from 1 review
MD 0.52
21 studies · 2784 participants
Moderate
MD 0.08
11 studies · 1021 participants
Moderate
MD 0.37
17 studies · 1463 participants
Moderate
Intervention not reported
Nicotine tapering · adults (aged ≥ 18 years) who smoked cigarettes Components: components of pharmacological and e‐cigarette (EC) interventions for smoking…
The intervention showed no clear difference in nicotine tapering (low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Intervention not reported
Nicotine patch · adults (aged ≥ 18 years) who smoked cigarettes Components: components of pharmacological and e‐cigarette (EC) interventions for smoking…
The intervention showed no clear difference in nicotine patch (low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Intervention not reported
Fast‐acting NRT (nicotine other) · adults (aged ≥ 18 years) who smoked cigarettes Components: components of pharmacological and e‐cigarette (EC) interventions for smoking…
The intervention showed no clear difference in fast‐acting NRT (nicotine other) (low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Intervention not reported
Non‐nicotine/placebo EC · adults (aged ≥ 18 years) who smoked cigarettes Components: components of pharmacological and e‐cigarette (EC) interventions for smoking…
The review found no eligible studies for this question.
1 finding from 1 review
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found
Intervention not reported
Nicotine patch · adults (aged ≥ 18 years) who smoked cigarettes Components: components of pharmacological and e‐cigarette (EC) interventions for smoking…
The intervention leads to higher nicotine patch (high certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Intervention not reported
Fast‐acting NRT (nicotine other) · adults (aged ≥ 18 years) who smoked cigarettes Components: components of pharmacological and e‐cigarette (EC) interventions for smoking…
The intervention leads to higher fast‐acting NRT (nicotine other) (high certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Intervention not reported
Non‐nicotine/placebo EC · adults (aged ≥ 18 years) who smoked cigarettes Components: components of pharmacological and e‐cigarette (EC) interventions for smoking…
The intervention showed no clear difference in non‐nicotine/placebo EC (low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Subgroup: nicotine patch; smoking cessation (≥ 6 month · people who smoke
It is very uncertain whether reduction and pharmacotherapy changes subgroup: nicotine patch; smoking cessation (≥ 6 month compared with reduction alone (very low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Smoking cessation · young people
It is very uncertain whether pharmacological interventions changes nicotine patch + bupropion vs nicotine patch + placebo Smoking… compared with placebo (very low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Adverse events (control ‐ placebo) · young people
1 finding from 1 review
Intervention not reported
Cessation: Low‐nicotine cigarettes vs regular cigarettes · Smokers who cannot or do not want to quit smoking
It is very uncertain whether the intervention changes cessation: Low‐nicotine cigarettes vs regular cigarettes (very low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Intervention not reported
Number of smokers receiving nicotine gum/replacement therapy self‐report · Smokers treated by health professionals
The intervention showed no clear difference in number of smokers receiving nicotine gum/replacement therapy… (low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Smoking abstinence at longest · people who smoke
Cytisine may leads to higher smoking abstinence at longest compared with nicotine replacement therapy (low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
SAEs · people who smoke
It is very uncertain whether cytisine changes SAEs compared with nicotine replacement therapy (very low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Neuropsychiatric SAEs · people who smoke
The review found no eligible studies for this question.
1 finding from 1 review
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found
Cardiac SAEs · people who smoke
The review found no eligible studies for this question.
1 finding from 1 review
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found