Cochrane · systematic review · CD006219
Interventions for preventing weight gain after smoking cessation
Hartmann-Boyce, J, Theodoulou, A, Farley, A, et al. · Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews · 2021 · Cochrane Library
Tobacco AddictionAMSTAR 2: not assessed
SoF tableOnly the outcomes this review put in its Summary of Findings table are listed (the Cochrane Handbook caps them at about seven per comparison). Its other analyses are not shown here.
Questions
25
current version
GRADE rated
25
No studies
0
Included studies
NR
No studies 0 · 0%Ungraded 0 · 0%Very low 6 · 24%Low 15 · 60%Moderate 3 · 12%High 1 · 4%
Ungraded means an effect was reported without a GRADE rating; it is not a gap. No studies means the review found nothing to answer the question. The six categories are a display order, not a score.
Questions and results
Behavioural weight management interventions compared to brief advice or no intervention for post‐cessation weight control
Population: People wanting to quit smoking
| Outcome | Effect | Evidence | Status / GRADE |
|---|---|---|---|
Mean weight change (kg) at end of treatment ‐ Weight management education versus no weight intervention Behavioural weight management interventions vs brief advice or no intervention | MD 0.04 | 2 studies · 140 participants | Low Downgraded: risk of bias, imprecision |
Mean weight change (kg) at 6 months ‐ Weight management education verses no weight intervention Behavioural weight management interventions vs brief advice or no intervention | MD 0.89 | 2 studies · 81 participants | Low Downgraded: risk of bias, imprecision |
Mean weight change (kg) at 12 months ‐ Weight management education versus no weight intervention Behavioural weight management interventions vs brief advice or no intervention | MD 0.21 | 2 studies · 61 participants | Very low Downgraded: risk of bias, imprecision |
Smoking cessation at 6 months ‐ Weight management education versus no intervention Behavioural weight management interventions vs brief advice or no intervention | RR 1.02 [0.78, 1.33] | 3 studies · 660 participants | Low Downgraded: imprecision |
Smoking cessation at 12 months ‐ Weight management education versus no intervention Behavioural weight management interventions vs brief advice or no intervention | RR 0.66 [0.48, 0.9] | 2 studies · 522 participants | Low Downgraded: risk of bias, imprecision |
Mean weight change (kg) at end of treatment ‐ Personalised weight management support versus no weight intervention Behavioural weight management interventions vs brief advice or no intervention | MD 1.11 | 3 studies · 121 participants | Low Downgraded: risk of bias, imprecision |
Mean weight change (kg) at 6 months ‐ Personalised weight management support versus no weight intervention Behavioural weight management interventions vs brief advice or no intervention | MD 0.96 | 5 studies · 816 participants | Very low Downgraded: risk of bias, imprecision |
Mean weight change (kg) at 12 months ‐ Personalised weight management support versus no weight intervention Behavioural weight management interventions vs brief advice or no intervention | MD 0.44 | 4 studies · 530 participants | Very low Downgraded: risk of bias, imprecision |
Smoking cessation at 6 months ‐ Personalised weight management support versus no intervention Behavioural weight management interventions vs brief advice or no intervention | RR 0.95 [0.82, 1.1] | 7 studies · 5517 participants | Low Downgraded: risk of bias |
Smoking cessation at 12 months ‐ Personalised weight management support versus no intervention Behavioural weight management interventions vs brief advice or no intervention | RR 0.65 [0.45, 0.92] | 5 studies · 3441 participants | Low Downgraded: risk of bias |
Acceptance interventions for weight concern compared to no weight management intervention for post‐cessation weight control
Population: People wanting to quit smoking
| Outcome | Effect | Evidence | Status / GRADE |
|---|---|---|---|
Mean weight change (kg) at end of treatment Acceptance interventions for weight concern vs no weight management intervention | no estimate extracted | 3 studies · 169 participants | Very low Downgraded: risk of bias, inconsistency |
Mean weight change (kg) at 6 months Acceptance interventions for weight concern vs no weight management intervention | MD 0 | 3 studies · 106 participants | Low Downgraded: risk of bias, imprecision, inconsistency |
Mean weight change (kg) at 12 months Acceptance interventions for weight concern vs no weight management intervention | MD 0.7 | 2 studies · 76 participants | Very low Downgraded: risk of bias, imprecision, inconsistency |
Smoking cessation at 6 months Acceptance interventions for weight concern vs no weight management intervention | RR 1.42 [1.03, 1.96] | 4 studies · 619 participants | Low Downgraded: risk of bias, imprecision |
Smoking cessation at 12 months Acceptance interventions for weight concern vs no weight management intervention | RR 1.25 [0.76, 2.06] | 2 studies · 496 participants | Low Downgraded: risk of bias, imprecision |
Exercise interventions for smoking cessation compared to no exercise intervention for preventing weight gain after smoking cessation
Population: People who have quit smoking
| Outcome | Effect | Evidence | Status / GRADE |
|---|---|---|---|
Mean weight change (kg) at end of treatment Exercise interventions for smoking cessation vs no exercise intervention | MD 0.25 | 4 studies · 404 participants | Low Downgraded: imprecision, inconsistency |
Mean weight change (kg) at 12 months Exercise interventions for smoking cessation vs no exercise intervention | MD 2.07 | 3 studies · 182 participants | Low Downgraded: imprecision, inconsistency |
Nicotine replacement therapy for smoking cessation compared to placebo for preventing weight gain after smoking cessation
Population: People who have quit smoking
| Outcome | Effect | Evidence | Status / GRADE |
|---|---|---|---|
Mean weight change (kg) at end of treatment Nicotine replacement therapy for smoking cessation vs placebo | MD 0.52 | 21 studies · 2784 participants | Moderate Downgraded: risk of bias, imprecision, inconsistency, publication bias |
Mean weight change (kg) at 6 months Nicotine replacement therapy for smoking cessation vs placebo | MD 0.08 | 11 studies · 1021 participants | Moderate Downgraded: risk of bias, publication bias |
Mean weight change (kg) at 12 months Nicotine replacement therapy for smoking cessation vs placebo | MD 0.37 | 17 studies · 1463 participants | Moderate Downgraded: imprecision |
Varenicline for smoking cessation compared to placebo for preventing weight gain after smoking cessation
Population: People who have quit smoking
| Outcome | Effect | Evidence | Status / GRADE |
|---|---|---|---|
Mean weight change (kg) at end of treatment Varenicline for smoking cessation vs placebo | MD 0.23 | 14 studies · 2566 participants | High |
Mean weight change (kg) at 6 months Varenicline for smoking cessation vs placebo | MD 0.09 | 3 studies · 384 participants | Low Downgraded: imprecision |
Mean weight change (kg) at 12 months Varenicline for smoking cessation vs placebo | MD 1.05 | 3 studies · 237 participants | Low Downgraded: risk of bias, imprecision |
Fluoexetine compared to placebo for smoking cessation for preventing weight gain after smoking cessation
Population: People who have quit smoking
| Outcome | Effect | Evidence | Status / GRADE |
|---|---|---|---|
Mean weight change (kg) at end of treatment Fluoexetine vs placebo | MD 1.01 | 2 studies · 144 participants | Low Downgraded: risk of bias, imprecision |
Mean weight change (kg) at 6 months Fluoexetine vs placebo | MD 1.01 | 2 studies · 124 participants | Very low Downgraded: risk of bias, imprecision |