Cochrane · systematic review · CD013183
Smoking reduction interventions for smoking cessation
Lindson, N, Klemperer, E, Hong, B, et al. · Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews · 2019 · Cochrane Library
Tobacco AddictionAMSTAR 2: not assessed
SoF tableOnly the outcomes this review put in its Summary of Findings table are listed (the Cochrane Handbook caps them at about seven per comparison). Its other analyses are not shown here.
Questions
8
current version
GRADE rated
8
No studies
0
Included studies
NR
No studies 0 · 0%Ungraded 0 · 0%Very low 2 · 25%Low 3 · 37.5%Moderate 3 · 37.5%High 0 · 0%
Ungraded means an effect was reported without a GRADE rating; it is not a gap. No studies means the review found nothing to answer the question. The six categories are a display order, not a score.
Questions and results
Reduction to quit versus abrupt quitting for smoking cessation
Population: people who smoke
| Outcome | Effect | Evidence | Status / GRADE |
|---|---|---|---|
Smoking cessation (≥ 6‐month Reduction to quit vs abrupt quitting | RR 1.01 [0.87, 1.17] | 22 studies · 9219 participants | Moderate Downgraded: imprecision |
Reduction to quit versus no treatment for smoking cessation
Population: people who smoke
| Outcome | Effect | Evidence | Status / GRADE |
|---|---|---|---|
Smoking cessation (≥ 6 month Reduction to quit vs no treatment | RR 1.74 [0.9, 3.38] | 6 studies · 1599 participants | Very low Downgraded: risk of bias, imprecision, inconsistency |
Reduction and pharmacotherapy versus reduction alone for smoking cessation
Population: people who smoke
| Outcome | Effect | Evidence | Status / GRADE |
|---|---|---|---|
Main analysis (all pharmacotherapy): smoking cessation (≥ 6 month Reduction and pharmacotherapy vs reduction alone | RR 1.68 [1.09, 2.58] | 11 studies · 8636 participants | Low Downgraded: risk of bias, imprecision, inconsistency |
Subgroup: combination NRT; smoking cessation (≥ 6 month Reduction and pharmacotherapy vs reduction alone | RR 1.02 [0.61, 1.69] | 3 studies · 1124 participants | Low Downgraded: risk of bias, imprecision, inconsistency |
Subgroup: nicotine patch; smoking cessation (≥ 6 month Reduction and pharmacotherapy vs reduction alone | RR 0.34 [0.02, 5.31] | 1 study · 85 participants | Very low Downgraded: risk of bias, imprecision |
Subgroup: fast‐acting NRT only; smoking cessation (≥ 6 month Reduction and pharmacotherapy vs reduction alone | RR 2.56 [1.93, 3.39] | 7 studies · 5323 participants | Moderate Downgraded: imprecision |
Subgroup: varenicline only; smoking cessation (≥ 6 month Reduction and pharmacotherapy vs reduction alone | RR 3.99 [2.93, 5.44] | 1 study · 1510 participants | Moderate Downgraded: imprecision |
Subgroup: bupropion only; smoking cessation (≥ 6 month Reduction and pharmacotherapy vs reduction alone | RR 1.27 [0.67, 2.4] | 1 study · 594 participants | Low Downgraded: risk of bias, imprecision |