Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

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Evidence found and GRADE certainty

405 questions · 407 findings · 32 reviews · Airways

No studies found 31 · 7.6%GRADE not reported 25 · 6.1%Very low 27 · 6.6%Low 122 · 30%Moderate 148 · 36.4%High 54 · 13.3%

Inhaled corticosteroids plus standard care vs placebo or usual care

Time to symptom resolution · adults with a confirmed diagnosis of mild COVID‐19, of whom only 10% (219/2132) participants had received ≥ 1 vaccination

Inhaled corticosteroids plus standard care showed no clear difference in symptom resolution: duration to symptoms resolved compared with standard care (with or without placebo) (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Inhaled corticosteroids plus standard care vs placebo or usual care

Serious adverse events · adults with a confirmed diagnosis of mild COVID‐19, of whom only 10% (219/2132) participants had received ≥ 1 vaccination

It is very uncertain whether inhaled corticosteroids plus standard care changes serious adverse events compared with standard care (with or without placebo) (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Inhaled corticosteroids plus standard care vs placebo or usual care

Adverse events · adults with a confirmed diagnosis of mild COVID‐19, of whom only 10% (219/2132) participants had received ≥ 1 vaccination

Inhaled corticosteroids plus standard care showed no clear difference in adverse events compared with standard care (with or without placebo) (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Inhaled corticosteroids plus standard care vs placebo or usual care

Infections · adults with a confirmed diagnosis of mild COVID‐19, of whom only 10% (219/2132) participants had received ≥ 1 vaccination

Inhaled corticosteroids plus standard care showed no clear difference in infections compared with standard care (with or without placebo) (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Effects of different inhaled corticosteroids on growth in children with persistent asthma: fluticasone vs beclomethasone

Linear growth velocity (cm/year) · children up to 18 years of age with persistent asthma

Effects of different inhaled corticosteroids on growth in children… may leads to higher linear growth velocity (cm/year) compared with beclomethasone (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Effects of different inhaled corticosteroids on growth in children with persistent asthma: fluticasone vs budesonide

Linear growth velocity (cm/year) · children up to 18 years of age with persistent asthma

It is very uncertain whether effects of different inhaled corticosteroids on growth in children… changes linear growth velocity (cm/year) compared with budesonide (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Effects of different inhaled corticosteroids on growth in children with persistent asthma: fluticasone vs budesonide

Change in height · children up to 18 years of age with persistent asthma

Effects of different inhaled corticosteroids on growth in children… probably leads to higher change in height (cm) over a period of time compared with budesonide (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Increased vs stable doses of inhaled corticosteroids

Treatment failure ‐ need for systemic corticosteroids (ITT) · adults and children with chronic asthma

Increased showed no clear difference in treatment failure: need for systemic corticosteroids (ITT) compared with stable doses of inhaled corticosteroids (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Increased vs stable doses of inhaled corticosteroids

Treatment failure ‐ need for systemic corticosteroids (of those starting inhaler) · adults and children with chronic asthma

It is very uncertain whether increased changes treatment failure: need for systemic corticosteroids (of those… compared with stable doses of inhaled corticosteroids (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Increased vs stable doses of inhaled corticosteroids

Unscheduled physician visits 44 weeks · adults and children with chronic asthma

Increased showed no clear difference in unscheduled physician visits 44 weeks compared with stable doses of inhaled corticosteroids (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Increased vs stable doses of inhaled corticosteroids

Serious adverse events 48 weeks · adults and children with chronic asthma

It is very uncertain whether increased changes serious adverse events 48 weeks compared with stable doses of inhaled corticosteroids (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Increased vs stable doses of inhaled corticosteroids

Non‐serious adverse events 43 weeks · adults and children with chronic asthma

It is very uncertain whether increased changes non‐serious adverse events 43 weeks compared with stable doses of inhaled corticosteroids (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Once‐daily ICS/LABA combined inhalers vs once‐daily LAMA

Any COPD exacerbation that requires short‐burst oral corticosteroids or antibiotics, or both · patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

It is very uncertain whether once‐daily ICS/LABA combined inhalers changes any COPD exacerbation that requires short‐burst oral corticosteroids… compared with once‐daily LAMA (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review