Increased salivary pH · children aged 6‐12 years
Postbiotic toothpaste raises salivary pH in one pediatric RCT (ungraded).
1 finding from 1 review
Intervention not reported
Number of participants with an increased creatinine level · people with TSC
The intervention probably leads to lower number of participants with an increased creatinine level (moderate certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Functional disability (Higher scores indicate higher levels of disability) · chronic pain (excluding headache) in adults
1 finding from 1 review
Pain intensity (Higher scores indicate higher pain intensity) · chronic pain (excluding headache) in adults
1 finding from 1 review
Intervention not reported
Finding 6. Patients, caregivers, and providers described a number of privacy and confidentiality issues when services were provided at home. These included the increased privacy of being able to exercise at home but also the loss of privacy when e...
The review found no eligible studies for this question.
1 finding from 1 review
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found
Inter‐reviewer agreement (change score) Assessed using the average score difference between reviewers, possible changes scores range from −9 to 9, higher scores indicate increased agreement. · peer reviewers
1 finding from 1 review
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
Low
Adverse events (1 participant withdrew due to increased back pain) · patients with non‐specific chronic low back pain
Yoga may leads to higher adverse events (1 participant withdrew due to increased back pain) compared with non‐exercise (low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Adverse events: AMD progression at 12 months Defined as increased drusen volume or onset of advanced AMD. Conversion to exudative AMD at 12 months Assessed by clinical examination and retinal optical coherence tomography. · people with non‐exudative AMD (AREDS 2 to 4)
Photobiomodulation treatment showed no clear difference in adverse events: AMD progression at 12 months Defined as increased… compared with sham or no treatment (low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
RR 0.79 [0.41, 1.53]
Studies not reported
Low
Proportion of participants whose maximum K increased by at least 2 diopters—at 24 months · participants with progressive keratoconus
It is very uncertain whether transepithelial CXL using iontophoresis changes proportion of participants whose maximum K increased by at least 2… compared with epithelium‐off CXL (very low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Proportion of participants whose maximum K increased by at least 2 diopters—at 12 months · participants with keratoconus
It is very uncertain whether transepithelial CXL changes proportion of participants whose maximum K increased by at least 2… compared with epithelium‐off CXL (very low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Respiratory arousal index (number of times per hour of sleep time that an increased respiratory effort without a decrease in oxygen saturation is recorded) · Children with obstructive sleep apnoea (aged 15 years or younger)
1 finding from 1 review
Respiratory arousal index (number of times per hour of sleep time that an increased respiratory effort without a decrease in oxygen saturation is recorded) · Children with obstructive sleep apnoea (aged 15 years or younger)
1 finding from 1 review
Pain intensity VAS (0 to 100; 0 = no pain, 100 = worst pain) · adults with chronic low‐back pain
It is very uncertain whether therapeutic ultrasound changes pain intensity Scale: VAS (100‐point scale; higher scores mean… compared with placebo (very low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Pain intensity VAS (0 to 100; 0 = no pain, 100 = worst pain) · adults with chronic low‐back pain
It is very uncertain whether therapeutic ultrasound plus exercise changes pain intensity Scale: VAS (100‐point scale; higher scores mean… compared with exercise alone (very low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Increased weight concern · children aged 6‐12 years
1 finding from 1 review
Increased weight concern · children aged 6 to 12 years
1 finding from 1 review
Risk of invasive ovarian cancer in subfertile women exposed to ovarian stimulating drug vs unexposed women (summary of cohort studies suggesting increased risk) · subfertile women
2 findings from 1 review
Risk of borderline ovarian cancer in subfertile women exposed to ovarian stimulating drugs vs unexposed women (summary of case‐control studies suggesting an increase) · subfertile women
1 finding from 1 review
Increased blood glucose at 20 minutes · healthy adults
It is very uncertain whether buccal glucose changes increased blood glucose at 20 minutes compared with oral (swallowed) glucose (very low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
RR 0.07 [0, 0.98]
1 study · 7 participants
Very low
Improvement in lower limb perfusion: ABI · people with critical limb ischaemia
It is very uncertain whether IM injection changes improvement in lower limb perfusion: number of participants with… compared with IA injection (very low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review