Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

3,006 questions · 3,171 findings · 607 reviews · Headline outcomes only

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No studies found 411 · 13%GRADE not reported 153 · 4.8%Very low 968 · 30.5%Low 897 · 28.3%Moderate 589 · 18.6%High 153 · 4.8%

Third generation cephalosporins vs conventional antibiotics (high and low/middle‐income countries)

Death: high‐income countries · patients treated for acute bacterial meningitis

1 finding from 1 review

Third generation cephalosporins versus conventional antibiotics for treating acute bacterial meningitis 2007 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
9 studies · 510 participants
GRADE not reported

Third generation cephalosporins vs conventional antibiotics (high and low/middle‐income countries)

Deafness: high‐income countries · patients treated for acute bacterial meningitis

1 finding from 1 review

Third generation cephalosporins versus conventional antibiotics for treating acute bacterial meningitis 2007 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
6 studies · 380 participants
GRADE not reported

Should high‐volume haemofiltration vs standard or usual dialysis be used

ICU mortality · patients with sepsis

Should high‐volume haemofiltration showed no clear difference in ICU mortality compared with standard or usual dialysis be used (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

High‐volume haemofiltration for sepsis in adults 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.59 [0.19, 1.59]
1 study · 19 participants
Low

Should high‐volume haemofiltration vs standard or usual dialysis be used

28‐Day mortality · patients with sepsis

Should high‐volume haemofiltration showed no clear difference in 28‐Day mortality compared with standard or usual dialysis be used (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

High‐volume haemofiltration for sepsis in adults 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.89 [0.6, 1.32]
2 studies · 156 participants
Low

Higher‐dose vs lower‐dose nicotine patch

Smoking cessation · people who smoke

Higher‐dose showed no clear difference in smoking cessation ‐ 42/44 mg versus 21/22 mg (24‐hour patches) compared with lower‐dose nicotine patch (moderate certainty).

3 findings from 1 review

Different doses, durations and modes of delivery of nicotine replacement therapy for smoking cessation 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 1.09 [0.93, 1.29]
5 studies · 1655 participants
Moderate
Different doses, durations and modes of delivery of nicotine replacement therapy for smoking cessation 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 1.19 [1, 1.41]
3 studies · 3446 participants
Moderate
Different doses, durations and modes of delivery of nicotine replacement therapy for smoking cessation 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 1.48 [1.06, 2.08]
1 study · 537 participants
Moderate

Higher‐dose vs lower‐dose nicotine patch

SAEs · people who smoke

Higher‐dose showed no clear difference in overall SAEs ‐ 42/44 mg versus 21/22 mg (24 hr patches) compared with lower‐dose nicotine patch (low certainty).

2 findings from 1 review

Different doses, durations and modes of delivery of nicotine replacement therapy for smoking cessation 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 5.01 [0.87, 28.82]
2 studies · 1023 participants
Low
Different doses, durations and modes of delivery of nicotine replacement therapy for smoking cessation 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 537 participants
Low

Higher‐dose vs lower‐dose nicotine patch

Treatment withdrawal · people who smoke

Higher‐dose may leads to higher treatment withdrawals ‐ 42/44 mg versus 21/22 mg (24‐hour patches) compared with lower‐dose nicotine patch (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Different doses, durations and modes of delivery of nicotine replacement therapy for smoking cessation 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 4.99 [1.6, 15.5]
2 studies · 554 participants
Low

Higher‐dose vs lower‐dose nicotine patch

Treatment withdrawals ‐ 21 mg versus 14 mg (24‐hour patches) · people who smoke

Higher‐dose showed no clear difference in treatment withdrawals ‐ 21 mg versus 14 mg (24‐hour patches) compared with lower‐dose nicotine patch (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Different doses, durations and modes of delivery of nicotine replacement therapy for smoking cessation 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.77 [0.36, 1.64]
1 study · 537 participants
Low

Higher‐dose vs lower dose

Deaths · patients with acute organophosphate pesticide poisoning

It is very uncertain whether higher dose changes deaths compared with lower dose (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Oximes for acute organophosphate pesticide poisoning 2011 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
OR 0.38 [0.1, 1.47]
4 studies · 479 participants
Very low

Higher‐dose vs lower dose

Intermediate syndrome · patients with acute organophosphate pesticide poisoning

It is very uncertain whether higher dose changes intermediate syndrome compared with lower dose (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Oximes for acute organophosphate pesticide poisoning 2011 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
OR 0.94 [0.24, 3.62]
3 studies · 283 participants
Very low

Higher‐dose vs lower dose

Ventilated · patients with acute organophosphate pesticide poisoning

It is very uncertain whether higher dose changes ventilated compared with lower dose (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Oximes for acute organophosphate pesticide poisoning 2011 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
OR 0.72 [0.08, 6.35]
2 studies · 272 participants
Very low

High MW HES vs Low MW HES

RIFLE (Risk or worse) · patients with Intravascular Volume Depletion

High MW HES showed no clear difference in RIFLE (Risk or worse) compared with low MW HES (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Hydroxyethyl starch (HES) versus other fluid therapies: effects on kidney function 2010 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.54 [0.05, 5.59]
2 studies · 113 participants
Moderate

High MW HES vs Low MW HES

RIFLE (Injury or worse) · patients with Intravascular Volume Depletion

High MW HES showed no clear difference in RIFLE (Injury or worse) compared with low MW HES (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Hydroxyethyl starch (HES) versus other fluid therapies: effects on kidney function 2010 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 3.21 [0.14, 75.68]
3 studies · 162 participants
Moderate

High MW HES vs Low MW HES

RIFLE (Failure) · patients with Intravascular Volume Depletion

1 finding from 1 review

Hydroxyethyl starch (HES) versus other fluid therapies: effects on kidney function 2010 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
3 studies · 162 participants
Moderate

Rescue high‐frequency jet ventilation vs conventional ventilation

Overall mortality · preterm infants with severe pulmonary dysfunction

Rescue high‐frequency jet ventilation showed no clear difference in overall mortality compared with conventional ventilation (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Rescue high‐frequency jet ventilation versus conventional ventilation for severe pulmonary dysfunction in preterm… 2015 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 1.03 [0.64, 1.66]
1 study · 144 participants
Low

Rescue high‐frequency jet ventilation vs conventional ventilation

Mortality before cross‐over · preterm infants with severe pulmonary dysfunction

Rescue high‐frequency jet ventilation probably leads to lower mortality before cross‐over compared with conventional ventilation (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Rescue high‐frequency jet ventilation versus conventional ventilation for severe pulmonary dysfunction in preterm… 2015 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.66 [0.45, 0.97]
1 study · 144 participants
Moderate

Rescue high‐frequency jet ventilation vs conventional ventilation

Chronic lung disease · preterm infants with severe pulmonary dysfunction

Rescue high‐frequency jet ventilation showed no clear difference in chronic lung disease at 28 days of birth (CLD 28 days) compared with conventional ventilation (low certainty).

2 findings from 1 review

Rescue high‐frequency jet ventilation versus conventional ventilation for severe pulmonary dysfunction in preterm… 2015 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.77 [0.54, 1.07]
1 study · 97 participants
Low
Rescue high‐frequency jet ventilation versus conventional ventilation for severe pulmonary dysfunction in preterm… 2015 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Rescue high‐frequency jet ventilation vs conventional ventilation

Pulmonary air leak (new) · preterm infants with severe pulmonary dysfunction

Rescue high‐frequency jet ventilation showed no clear difference in pulmonary air leak (new) compared with conventional ventilation (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Rescue high‐frequency jet ventilation versus conventional ventilation for severe pulmonary dysfunction in preterm… 2015 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.76 [0.46, 1.23]
1 study · 144 participants
Low

Rescue high‐frequency jet ventilation vs conventional ventilation

Severe intraventricular haemorrhage · preterm infants with severe pulmonary dysfunction

Rescue high‐frequency jet ventilation showed no clear difference in severe intraventricular haemorrhage (grades 3 and 4) compared with conventional ventilation (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Rescue high‐frequency jet ventilation versus conventional ventilation for severe pulmonary dysfunction in preterm… 2015 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.74 [0.42, 1.28]
1 study · 118 participants
Low

Rescue high‐frequency jet ventilation vs conventional ventilation

Neurodevelopmental outcomes · preterm infants with severe pulmonary dysfunction

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Rescue high‐frequency jet ventilation versus conventional ventilation for severe pulmonary dysfunction in preterm… 2015 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found