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Evidence found and GRADE certainty

3,971 questions · 9,849 findings · 853 reviews

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No studies found 1,150 · 11.7%GRADE not reported 3,387 · 34.4%Very low 1,963 · 19.9%Low 1,809 · 18.4%Moderate 1,207 · 12.3%High 333 · 3.4%

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Combined antiretroviral therapy (cART) vs Monotherapy or dual antiretroviral therapy

Oral hairy leukoplakia prevalence · Children and adolescents (<18 years) living with HIV (CLWH)

No eligible studies compared oral hairy leukoplakia between different ART regimens.

1 finding from 1 review

Antiretroviral therapy (any, including cART) vs No antiretroviral medication (treatment-naive)

Mucosal hyperpigmentation prevalence · Children and adolescents (<18 years) living with HIV (CLWH)

No significant difference in mucosal hyperpigmentation between CLWH with and without ART (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Pulpotomy (full or partial) vs None (single-arm pooled success proportion)

Overall success (composite of clinical and radiographic success) · Human permanent teeth with irreversible pulpitis and closed (mature) root apex due to carious pulp exposure

In closed-apex teeth, pooled pulpotomy success was 83% (95% CI 69-91%); significantly lower than open apex (z=2.33, p=0.02); ungraded.

1 finding from 1 review

Comprehensive oral health intervention (oral health education plus additional support: motivational interviewing, toothbrush/toothpaste provision, community engagement, and/or fluoride varnish/sealant application) delivered by non-dental health workers vs control (no intervention/usual care/isotonic exercise)

Caries experience · Children (mean age newborn to ~5.2 years) and their parents/carers

Comprehensive interventions produced a statistically significant reduction in tooth-level caries (dmft SMD -0.47, 95% CI -0.84 to -0.10; 4 studies; not GRADE-rated), though heterogeneity was very high.

1 finding from 1 review

Genetically predicted gene expression (TWAS; S-PrediXcan with GTEx v8 cis-eQTL across 49 tissues; cross-tissue S-MultiXcan) vs ECC-unaffected children (association of genetically predicted expression)

Early childhood caries (ECC) - association with genetically predicted expression of TAS2R14 (chr12p13.2) · Children up to age 5-6 years (European / European non-Hispanic ancestry); 843 ECC-affected vs 2124 unaffected across 5 cohorts (N=2974)

Genetically predicted expression of TAS2R14 was significantly associated with ECC in the TWAS (p = 1.06e-6); genetic association, ungraded.

1 finding from 1 review

Silver diamine fluoride (SDF, including SDF + fluoride varnish) vs Other standard-of-care caries treatments pooled (placebo, ART, or ART + fluoride varnish)

Oral health-related quality of life · Children with dental caries

SDF had no significant effect on oral health-related quality of life versus pooled standard-of-care caries treatments (SMD -0.06, 95% CI -0.20 to 0.08; ungraded).

1 finding from 1 review

Resin infiltration vs Pre-treatment baseline before infiltration (T0); pooled as a within-arm before/after change

Color change of white spot lesion (color difference, T0 to T1) · Patients with post-orthodontic white spot lesions and permanent dentition

ICON resin infiltration significantly improved the color of post-orthodontic white spot lesions at 6 months (pooled Cohen's d/SMD 1.36, 95% CI 1.14 to 1.59; 4 studies, 458 teeth), although heterogeneity was very high (I2=98%) with a heavy outlier (Kannan); not GRADE-rated.

1 finding from 1 review

Genetically predicted gene expression (TWAS; S-PrediXcan with GTEx v8 cis-eQTL across 49 tissues; cross-tissue S-MultiXcan) vs ECC-unaffected children (association of genetically predicted expression)

Early childhood caries (ECC) - association with genetically predicted expression of IGSF5 (chr21q22.2) · Children up to age 5-6 years (European / European non-Hispanic ancestry); 843 ECC-affected vs 2124 unaffected across 5 cohorts (N=2974)

Genetically predicted IGSF5 expression reached the TWAS threshold for ECC (p = 7.22e-5) but was flagged as a possible false positive (LD misspecification) and not further considered; ungraded.

1 finding from 1 review

Caries in upper primary incisors vs Reference (other primary tooth locations / caries-free)

Caries development in permanent teeth · School children and adolescents (6-18 years) followed from primary dentition (baseline examination before 72 months of age)

Caries in upper primary incisors has the lowest tooth-specific predictive value for permanent-teeth caries (RR 1.6; single study; not GRADE-rated).

1 finding from 1 review

Pulpotomy with mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA) vs Pulpotomy with calcium hydroxide (Ca(OH)2)

Overall success (composite of clinical and radiographic success) · Human permanent teeth with irreversible pulpitis due to carious pulp exposure

MTA had a significantly higher pulpotomy success rate than calcium hydroxide (indirect comparison; numeric estimate not available); ungraded.

1 finding from 1 review

Food and nonalcoholic beverage marketing (exposure) vs No, less, or less powerful food marketing

Diet-related noncommunicable diseases · Children and adolescents (general population, aged under 20 years)

No eligible studies were found.

1 finding from 1 review

Combined antiretroviral therapy (cART) vs Monotherapy or dual antiretroviral therapy

Gingivitis · Children and adolescents (<18 years) living with HIV (CLWH)

No significant difference in gingivitis between ART regimens (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review