Gap finder
Search review questions
Each row is one question a systematic review asked: who, what, compared with what, and which outcome, with the effect it found and how certain that is. Every word you type has to appear somewhere in the question, and the closest matches are ranked first.
75,239 questions in 5,342 reviews
current versionsNo studies 15,213 · 20.2%Ungraded 10,323 · 13.7%Very low 17,528 · 23.3%Low 17,951 · 23.9%Moderate 11,190 · 14.9%High 3,034 · 4%
Ungraded means an effect was reported without a GRADE rating; it is not a gap. No studies means the review found nothing to answer the question. The six categories are a display order, not a score.
| Question | Effect | Evidence | Status / GRADE |
|---|---|---|---|
Febuxostat 120 mg/day vs allopurinol Health Related Quality of Life · patients with chronic gout Febuxostat for treating chronic gout (2012) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Febuxostat 120 mg/day vs allopurinol Serious Adverse Events · patients with chronic gout Febuxostat for treating chronic gout (2012) · Cochrane | RR 1.2 [0.7, 1.93] | 3 studies · 1041 participants | High |
Febuxostat 120 mg/day vs allopurinol Discontinuations due to adverse events · patients with chronic gout Febuxostat for treating chronic gout (2012) · Cochrane | RR 1.6 [0.49, 5] | 3 studies · 1041 participants | High |
Febuxostat 40 mg/day vs placebo Health Related Quality of Life · patients with chronic gout Febuxostat for treating chronic gout (2012) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Febuxostat 40 mg/day vs placebo Serious Adverse Events · patients with chronic gout Febuxostat for treating chronic gout (2012) · Cochrane | RR 1 [0, 0] | 1 study · 75 participants | Moderate |
Febuxostat 40 mg/day vs placebo Discontinuations due to adverse events · patients with chronic gout Febuxostat for treating chronic gout (2012) · Cochrane | RR 1 [0.07, 15.8] | 1 study · 75 participants | Moderate |
Febuxostat 80 mg/day vs placebo Incidence of gout flares · patients with chronic gout Febuxostat for treating chronic gout (2012) · Cochrane | RR 1.32 [0.96, 1.8] | 2 studies · 474 participants | Low |
Febuxostat 80 mg/day vs placebo Serum uric acid <6.0 mg/dL at final visit · patients with chronic gout Febuxostat for treating chronic gout (2012) · Cochrane | RR 68.9 [13.8, 343.9] | 2 studies · 332 participants | Low |
5 mg vs 10 mg All studies · patients with the initiation of oral anticoagulation Optimal loading dose of warfarin for the initiation of oral anticoagulation (2012) · Cochrane | RR 1.17 [0.77, 1.77] | 4 studies · 352 participants | Very low |
5 mg vs 10 mg Single INR measure · patients with the initiation of oral anticoagulation Optimal loading dose of warfarin for the initiation of oral anticoagulation (2012) · Cochrane | RR 1.49 [1.01, 2.21] | 2 studies · 250 participants | Very low |
5 mg vs 10 mg Consecutive INR measures · patients with the initiation of oral anticoagulation Optimal loading dose of warfarin for the initiation of oral anticoagulation (2012) · Cochrane | RR 0.86 [0.62, 1.19] | 2 studies · 102 participants | Very low |
Intervention NR Any systemic reaction to an insect sting · adults and children with a previous allergic reaction to an insect sting Venom immunotherapy for preventing allergic reactions to insect stings (2012) · Cochrane | RR 0.1 [0.03, 0.28] | 7 studies · 206 participants | High |
Intervention NR Large local reaction · adults and children with a previous allergic reaction to an insect sting Venom immunotherapy for preventing allergic reactions to insect stings (2012) · Cochrane | RR 0.41 [0.24, 0.69] | 5 studies · 112 participants | Moderate |
Intervention NR Vespid Quality of Life Questionnaire ‐ end of treatment Scale from 0 to 7, where a higher score indicates less quality of life impairment. · adults and children with a previous allergic reaction to an insect sting Venom immunotherapy for preventing allergic reactions to insect stings (2012) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 2 studies · 112 participants | Moderate |
Intervention NR Any systemic reaction to treatment · adults and children with a previous allergic reaction to an insect sting Venom immunotherapy for preventing allergic reactions to insect stings (2012) · Cochrane | RR 8.16 [1.53, 43.46] | 6 studies · 285 participants | Moderate |
Spinal manipulative therapy vs other interventions Pain at one week 0 (no pain) to 10 (worse pain) · Patients with acute low‐back pain Spinal manipulative therapy for acute low‐back pain (2012) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 3 studies · 383 participants | Low |
Spinal manipulative therapy plus another intervention vs the intervention alone Functional status at 3 to 6 months Oswestry Disability Index. Scale from: 0 (no dysfunction) to 100 (worse function) · Patients with acute low‐back pain Spinal manipulative therapy for acute low‐back pain (2012) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 2 studies · 225 participants | Low |
Spinal manipulative therapy plus another intervention vs the intervention alone Recovery at one week · Patients with acute low‐back pain Spinal manipulative therapy for acute low‐back pain (2012) · Cochrane | RR 0.89 [0.32, 2.47] | 2 studies · 196 participants | Very low |
Spinal manipulative therapy plus another intervention vs the intervention alone Recovery at 3 to 6 months · Patients with acute low‐back pain Spinal manipulative therapy for acute low‐back pain (2012) · Cochrane | RR 0.75 [0.51, 1.1] | 2 studies · 195 participants | Very low |
Spinal manipulative therapy plus another intervention vs the intervention alone Serious adverse events · Patients with acute low‐back pain Spinal manipulative therapy for acute low‐back pain (2012) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 2 studies · 2 participants | Ungraded |
Spinal manipulative therapy vs inert interventions Pain at one week Scale from: 0 (no pain) to 10 (worse pain). · Patients with acute low‐back pain Spinal manipulative therapy for acute low‐back pain (2012) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 3 studies · 311 participants | Low |
Spinal manipulative therapy vs inert interventions Pain at one month Scale from: 0 (no pain) to 10 (worse pain). · Patients with acute low‐back pain Spinal manipulative therapy for acute low‐back pain (2012) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 178 participants | Low |
Spinal manipulative therapy vs inert interventions Functional status at one week Roland Morris Disability Questionnaire. Scale from: 0 (no dysfunction) to 24 (worse function) · Patients with acute low‐back pain Spinal manipulative therapy for acute low‐back pain (2012) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 2 studies · 205 participants | Moderate |
Spinal manipulative therapy vs inert interventions Functional status at one month Roland Morris Disability Questionnaire. Scale from: 0 (no dysfunction) to 24 (worse function) · Patients with acute low‐back pain Spinal manipulative therapy for acute low‐back pain (2012) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 178 participants | Low |
Spinal manipulative therapy vs inert interventions Recovery at one week · Patients with acute low‐back pain Spinal manipulative therapy for acute low‐back pain (2012) · Cochrane | RR 0.96 [0.5, 1.85] | 2 studies · 263 participants | Low |
Spinal manipulative therapy vs inert interventions Serious adverse events · Patients with acute low‐back pain Spinal manipulative therapy for acute low‐back pain (2012) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 2 studies · 2 participants | Ungraded |
Spinal manipulative therapy vs other interventions Pain at one month 0 (no pain) to 10 (worse pain) · Patients with acute low‐back pain Spinal manipulative therapy for acute low‐back pain (2012) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 3 studies · 606 participants | Moderate |
Spinal manipulative therapy (SMT) vs sham SMT Pain at one month 0 (no pain) to 10 (worse pain) · Patients with acute low‐back pain Spinal manipulative therapy for acute low‐back pain (2012) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 74 participants | Very low |
Spinal manipulative therapy (SMT) vs sham SMT Functional status at one month Oswestry Disability Index. Scale from: 0 (no dysfunction) to 100 (worse function) · Patients with acute low‐back pain Spinal manipulative therapy for acute low‐back pain (2012) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 94 participants | Very low |
Spinal manipulative therapy (SMT) vs sham SMT Recovery at one month · Patients with acute low‐back pain Spinal manipulative therapy for acute low‐back pain (2012) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 0 studies · 0 participants | Ungraded |
Spinal manipulative therapy (SMT) vs sham SMT Serious adverse events · Patients with acute low‐back pain Spinal manipulative therapy for acute low‐back pain (2012) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 0 studies · 0 participants | Ungraded |
Spinal manipulative therapy vs other interventions Functional status at one week Roland Morris Disability Questionnaire. Scale from: 0 (no dysfunction) to 24 (worse function) · Patients with acute low‐back pain Spinal manipulative therapy for acute low‐back pain (2012) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 241 participants | Low |
Spinal manipulative therapy vs other interventions Functional status at one month Roland Morris Disability Questionnaire. Scale from: 0 (no dysfunction) to 24 (worse function) · Patients with acute low‐back pain Spinal manipulative therapy for acute low‐back pain (2012) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 3 studies · 681 participants | Moderate |
Spinal manipulative therapy vs other interventions Recovery at one month · Patients with acute low‐back pain Spinal manipulative therapy for acute low‐back pain (2012) · Cochrane | RR 1.06 [0.94, 1.21] | 2 studies · 117 participants | Low |
Spinal manipulative therapy vs other interventions Serious adverse events · Patients with acute low‐back pain Spinal manipulative therapy for acute low‐back pain (2012) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 2 studies · 2 participants | Ungraded |
Spinal manipulative therapy plus another intervention vs the intervention alone Pain at one week Scale from: 0 (no pain) to 10 (worse pain) · Patients with acute low‐back pain Spinal manipulative therapy for acute low‐back pain (2012) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 102 participants | Low |
Spinal manipulative therapy plus another intervention vs the intervention alone Pain at 3 to 6 months Scale from: 0 (no pain) to 10 (worse pain) · Patients with acute low‐back pain Spinal manipulative therapy for acute low‐back pain (2012) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 104 participants | Low |
Spinal manipulative therapy plus another intervention vs the intervention alone Functional status at one week Oswestry Disability Index. Scale from: 0 (no dysfunction) to 100 (worse function). · Patients with acute low‐back pain Spinal manipulative therapy for acute low‐back pain (2012) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 2 studies · 225 participants | Low |
Intervention NR Uptake of IUD Number of women who use IUD as a contraceptive · married women aged 15 to 45/49 Strategies for improving the acceptability and acceptance of the copper intrauterine device (2012) · Cochrane | OR 2 [1.4, 2.85] | 3 studies · 6224 participants | Moderate |
Intervention NR Uptake of IUD Number of women who use IUD as a contraceptive · women receiving antenatal care Strategies for improving the acceptability and acceptance of the copper intrauterine device (2012) · Cochrane | OR 2.33 [1.39, 3.9] | 2 studies · 1491 participants | Moderate |
Intervention NR Uptake of IUD Number of women who use IUD as a contraceptive · postpartum Strategies for improving the acceptability and acceptance of the copper intrauterine device (2012) · Cochrane | OR 5.73 [3.59, 9.15] | 1 study · 600 participants | Moderate |
Intervention NR Uptake of IUD Number of women who use IUD as a contraceptive · postpartum Strategies for improving the acceptability and acceptance of the copper intrauterine device (2012) · Cochrane | OR 1.6 [0.9, 2.85] | 1 study · 849 participants | Low |
Intervention NR Uptake of IUD Number of women using IUD as a contraceptive · postabortion Strategies for improving the acceptability and acceptance of the copper intrauterine device (2012) · Cochrane | OR 1.39 [0.68, 2.83] | 2 studies · 855 participants | Low |
Nefopam 60 mg tds vs placebo Pain VAS 100mm · patients with pain management in rheumatoid arthritis Neuromodulators for pain management in rheumatoid arthritis (2012) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 2 studies · 48 participants | Low |
Nefopam 60 mg tds vs placebo Withdrawal Due to adverse events · patients with pain management in rheumatoid arthritis Neuromodulators for pain management in rheumatoid arthritis (2012) · Cochrane | RR 11 [0.64, 189.65] | 1 study · 54 participants | Moderate |
Nefopam 60 mg tds vs placebo Total adverse events · patients with pain management in rheumatoid arthritis Neuromodulators for pain management in rheumatoid arthritis (2012) · Cochrane | RR 4.11 [1.58, 10.69] | 2 studies · 104 participants | Low |
Capsaicin 0.025% vs placebo Pain (% reduction from baseline) VAS 100mm · patients with Knee pain in patients with rheumatoid arthritis Neuromodulators for pain management in rheumatoid arthritis (2012) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 30 participants | Low |
Capsaicin 0.025% vs placebo Pain (% reduction from baseline) VAS 100mm · patients with Knee pain in patients with rheumatoid arthritis Neuromodulators for pain management in rheumatoid arthritis (2012) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 29 participants | Low |
Oromucosal cannabis (Sativex) vs placebo Pain at present McGill short form questionnaire ‐ Verbal rating scale (0‐5) · patients with pain management in patients with rheumatoid arthritis Neuromodulators for pain management in rheumatoid arthritis (2012) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 58 participants | Low |
Oromucosal cannabis (Sativex) vs placebo Quality of Sleep Numerical rating scale (0‐10). Scale from: 0 to 10. · patients with pain management in patients with rheumatoid arthritis Neuromodulators for pain management in rheumatoid arthritis (2012) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 58 participants | Low |