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Each row is one question a systematic review asked: who, what, compared with what, and which outcome, with the effect it found and how certain that is. Words match anywhere in the field.
1,049 questions in 79 reviews · Dementia and Cognitive Improvement
current versionsNo studies 240 · 22.9%Ungraded 31 · 3%Very low 216 · 20.6%Low 253 · 24.1%Moderate 238 · 22.7%High 71 · 6.8%
Ungraded means an effect was reported without a GRADE rating; it is not a gap. No studies means the review found nothing to answer the question. The six categories are a display order, not a score.
| Question | Effect | Evidence | Status / GRADE |
|---|---|---|---|
Antidepressant treatment vs placebo Depression endpoint mean scores at 6 to 13 weeks · patients with depression and dementia Antidepressants for treating depression in dementia (2018) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 8 studies · 614 participants | High |
Antidepressant treatment vs placebo Number of responders (ITT) at 6 to 12 weeks · patients with depression and dementia Antidepressants for treating depression in dementia (2018) · Cochrane | OR 1.71 [0.8, 3.67] | 3 studies · 116 participants | Low |
Antidepressant treatment vs placebo Number of patients with remission (ITT) at 6 to 12 weeks · patients with depression and dementia Antidepressants for treating depression in dementia (2018) · Cochrane | OR 2.57 | 4 studies · 240 participants | Moderate |
Antidepressant treatment vs placebo Cognitive function endpoint mean scores at 6 to 12 weeks · patients with depression and dementia Antidepressants for treating depression in dementia (2018) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 5 studies · 194 participants | Moderate |
Antidepressant treatment vs placebo Activities of daily living, endpoint values at 6 to 13 weeks · patients with depression and dementia Antidepressants for treating depression in dementia (2018) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 4 studies · 173 participants | High |
Antidepressant treatment vs placebo Number of dropouts at 6 to 13 weeks · patients with depression and dementia Antidepressants for treating depression in dementia (2018) · Cochrane | OR 1.51 [1.07, 2.14] | 9 studies · 836 participants | Moderate |
Antidepressant treatment vs placebo Number of patients experiencing at least one adverse event · patients with depression and dementia Antidepressants for treating depression in dementia (2018) · Cochrane | OR 1.55 [1.21, 1.98] | 5 studies · 1073 participants | Moderate |
Valproate preparations vs placebo Agitation and aggression · people with agitation in dementia Valproate preparations for agitation in dementia (2018) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 2 studies · 202 participants | Moderate |
Valproate preparations vs placebo Agitation and aggression · people with agitation in dementia Valproate preparations for agitation in dementia (2018) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 2 studies · 202 participants | Moderate |
Valproate preparations vs placebo Agitation and aggression · people with agitation in dementia Valproate preparations for agitation in dementia (2018) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 3 studies · 217 participants | Very low |
Valproate preparations vs placebo Cognition · people with agitation in dementia Valproate preparations for agitation in dementia (2018) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 3 studies · 217 participants | Very low |
Valproate preparations vs placebo Functional performance · people with agitation in dementia Valproate preparations for agitation in dementia (2018) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 2 studies · 203 participants | Moderate |
Valproate preparations vs placebo Any adverse event by 6 weeks · people with agitation in dementia Valproate preparations for agitation in dementia (2018) · Cochrane | OR 2.02 [1.3, 3.14] | 3 studies · 381 participants | Low |
Valproate preparations vs placebo Serious adverse events by 6 weeks · people with agitation in dementia Valproate preparations for agitation in dementia (2018) · Cochrane | OR 4.77 [1, 22.74] | 2 studies · 228 participants | Very low |
Antipsychotics vs nonantipsychotics or placebo Duration of delirium · delirious patients Antipsychotics for treatment of delirium in hospitalised non‐ICU patients (2018) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Typical vs atypical antipsychotics Mortality · delirious patients Antipsychotics for treatment of delirium in hospitalised non‐ICU patients (2018) · Cochrane | RR 1.71 [0.82, 3.53] | 4 studies · 342 participants | Moderate |
Typical vs atypical antipsychotics Hospital length of stay · delirious patients Antipsychotics for treatment of delirium in hospitalised non‐ICU patients (2018) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Typical vs atypical antipsychotics Adverse Effects ‐ EPS · delirious patients Antipsychotics for treatment of delirium in hospitalised non‐ICU patients (2018) · Cochrane | RR 12.16 [0.55, 269.52] | 2 studies · 198 participants | Very low |
Antipsychotics vs nonantipsychotics or placebo Delirium severity DRS, DRS‐R98, MDAS1 · delirious patients Antipsychotics for treatment of delirium in hospitalised non‐ICU patients (2018) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 4 studies · 494 participants | Very low |
Antipsychotics vs nonantipsychotics or placebo Delirium resolution DRS, DRS‐R981 · delirious patients Antipsychotics for treatment of delirium in hospitalised non‐ICU patients (2018) · Cochrane | RR 0.95 [0.3, 2.98] | 3 studies · 247 participants | Very low |
Antipsychotics vs nonantipsychotics or placebo Mortality · delirious patients Antipsychotics for treatment of delirium in hospitalised non‐ICU patients (2018) · Cochrane | RR 1.29 [0.73, 2.27] | 3 studies · 319 participants | Moderate |
Antipsychotics vs nonantipsychotics or placebo Hospital length of stay · delirious patients Antipsychotics for treatment of delirium in hospitalised non‐ICU patients (2018) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Antipsychotics vs nonantipsychotics or placebo Adverse Effects ‐ EPS Extrapyramidal Symptom Rating Scale, or not reported · delirious patients Antipsychotics for treatment of delirium in hospitalised non‐ICU patients (2018) · Cochrane | RR 1.7 [0.04, 65.57] | 3 studies · 247 participants | Very low |
Typical vs atypical antipsychotics Duration of delirium · delirious patients Antipsychotics for treatment of delirium in hospitalised non‐ICU patients (2018) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Typical vs atypical antipsychotics Delirium resolution DRS, DRS‐R981 · delirious patients Antipsychotics for treatment of delirium in hospitalised non‐ICU patients (2018) · Cochrane | RR 1.1 [0.79, 1.52] | 5 studies · 349 participants | Moderate |
Typical vs atypical antipsychotics Delirium severity DRS, DRS‐R981 · delirious patients Antipsychotics for treatment of delirium in hospitalised non‐ICU patients (2018) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 7 studies · 542 participants | Moderate |
Discontinuation vs continuation of antipsychotic medication Success of withdrawal from antipsychotics · older people with dementia who had been taking an antipsychotic drug for at least 3 months Withdrawal versus continuation of long‐term antipsychotic drug use for behavioural and psychological… (2018) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 9 studies · 575 participants | Low |
Discontinuation vs continuation of antipsychotic medication Behavioural and psychological symptoms · older people with dementia who had been taking an antipsychotic drug for at least 3 months Withdrawal versus continuation of long‐term antipsychotic drug use for behavioural and psychological… (2018) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 7 studies · 519 participants | Low |
Discontinuation vs continuation of antipsychotic medication Adverse events · older people with dementia who had been taking an antipsychotic drug for at least 3 months Withdrawal versus continuation of long‐term antipsychotic drug use for behavioural and psychological… (2018) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 5 studies · 381 participants | Low |
Discontinuation vs continuation of antipsychotic medication Quality of life (QoL) · older people with dementia who had been taking an antipsychotic drug for at least 3 months Withdrawal versus continuation of long‐term antipsychotic drug use for behavioural and psychological… (2018) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 2 studies · 119 participants | Low |
Discontinuation vs continuation of antipsychotic medication Cognitive function · older people with dementia who had been taking an antipsychotic drug for at least 3 months Withdrawal versus continuation of long‐term antipsychotic drug use for behavioural and psychological… (2018) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 5 studies · 365 participants | Low |
Discontinuation vs continuation of antipsychotic medication Use of physical restraint · older people with dementia who had been taking an antipsychotic drug for at least 3 months Withdrawal versus continuation of long‐term antipsychotic drug use for behavioural and psychological… (2018) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 36 participants | Very low |
Discontinuation vs continuation of antipsychotic medication Mortality · older people with dementia who had been taking an antipsychotic drug for at least 3 months Withdrawal versus continuation of long‐term antipsychotic drug use for behavioural and psychological… (2018) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 2 studies · 275 participants | Very low |
FuFangDanShen vs 'no treatment' Cognition‐MMSE · people with vascular dementia Traditional Chinese herbal medicine for vascular dementia (2018) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 2 studies · 95 participants | Low |
FuFangHaiShe vs 'no treatment' Cognition‐ADAS‐Cog ‐ not measured · People with vascular dementia Traditional Chinese herbal medicine for vascular dementia (2018) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
FuFangHaiShe vs 'no treatment' Global performance (improved) ‐ not measured · People with vascular dementia Traditional Chinese herbal medicine for vascular dementia (2018) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
FuFangHaiShe vs 'no treatment' Adverse events (AEs) (1 or more) · People with vascular dementia Traditional Chinese herbal medicine for vascular dementia (2018) · Cochrane | RD 0 | 2 studies · 110 participants | Low |
FuFangHaiShe vs 'no treatment' Activities of Daily Living (ADL) · People with vascular dementia Traditional Chinese herbal medicine for vascular dementia (2018) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 2 studies · 110 participants | Low |
FuFangHaiShe vs 'no treatment' Behaviour ‐ not measured · People with vascular dementia Traditional Chinese herbal medicine for vascular dementia (2018) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
NaoXinTong vs 'no treatment' Cognition‐MMSE · People with vascular dementia Traditional Chinese herbal medicine for vascular dementia (2018) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 3 studies · 225 participants | Low |
NaoXinTong vs 'no treatment' Cognition‐HDS ‐ only measured in one study · People with vascular dementia Traditional Chinese herbal medicine for vascular dementia (2018) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
NaoXinTong vs 'no treatment' Cognition‐ADAS‐Cog ‐ not measured · People with vascular dementia Traditional Chinese herbal medicine for vascular dementia (2018) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
NaoXinTong vs 'no treatment' Global performance (improved) ‐ only measured in one study · People with vascular dementia Traditional Chinese herbal medicine for vascular dementia (2018) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
NaoXinTong vs 'no treatment' Adverse events (AEs) (one or more events) ‐ only measured in one study · People with vascular dementia Traditional Chinese herbal medicine for vascular dementia (2018) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
FuFangDanShen vs 'no treatment' Cognition‐HDS ‐ not measured · people with vascular dementia Traditional Chinese herbal medicine for vascular dementia (2018) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
NaoXinTong vs 'no treatment' Activities of Daily Living (ADL) · People with vascular dementia Traditional Chinese herbal medicine for vascular dementia (2018) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 2 studies · 166 participants | Moderate |
NaoXinTong vs 'no treatment' Behaviour ‐ not measured · People with vascular dementia Traditional Chinese herbal medicine for vascular dementia (2018) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
YinDanXingNaoTong vs 'no treatment' Cognition‐MMSE · People with vascular dementia Traditional Chinese herbal medicine for vascular dementia (2018) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 2 studies · 139 participants | Low |
YinDanXingNaoTong vs 'no treatment' Cognition‐HDS ‐ only measured in one study · People with vascular dementia Traditional Chinese herbal medicine for vascular dementia (2018) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
YinDanXingNaoTong vs 'no treatment' Cognition‐ADAS‐Cog ‐ not measured · People with vascular dementia Traditional Chinese herbal medicine for vascular dementia (2018) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |