What do systematic reviews say?

Surgical abortion procedures: mid‐level providers vs doctors

Surgical abortion procedures: mid‐level providers showed no clear difference in complications (RCTs) Provider assessment compared with doctors (low certainty).

• Doctors or mid‐level providers for abortion 2015 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.99 [0.17, 5.7]
  2 studies · 2789 participants
  Low

Surgical abortion procedures: mid‐level providers vs doctors

It is very uncertain whether surgical abortion procedures: mid‐level providers changes complications (observational studies) Provider or supervisor… compared with doctors (very low certainty).

• Doctors or mid‐level providers for abortion 2015 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 1.38 [0.7, 2.72]
  3 studies · 13715 participants
  Very low

Surgical abortion procedures: mid‐level providers vs doctors

Surgical abortion procedures: mid‐level providers showed no clear difference in total complications (RCTs) Provider assessment compared with doctors (low certainty).

• Doctors or mid‐level providers for abortion 2015 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 3.07 [0.16, 59.08]
  2 studies · 2789 participants
  Low
• Doctors or mid‐level providers for abortion 2015 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 1.36 [0.86, 2.14]
  4 studies · 16173 participants
  Very low

Surgical reimplantation of ureters plus antibiotics vs antibiotics alone

It is very uncertain whether surgical reimplantation of ureters plus antibiotics changes ESKD compared with antibiotics alone (very low certainty).

• Interventions for primary vesicoureteric reflux 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 1.07 [0.23, 5.04]
  2 studies · 154 participants
  Very low

Surgical reimplantation of ureters plus antibiotics vs antibiotics alone

It is very uncertain whether surgical reimplantation of ureters plus antibiotics changes hypertension compared with antibiotics alone (very low certainty).

• Interventions for primary vesicoureteric reflux 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.93 [0.25, 3.42]
  2 studies · 154 participants
  Very low

Surgical reimplantation of ureters plus antibiotics vs antibiotics alone

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Interventions for primary vesicoureteric reflux 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  No studies found

Summary of findings table ‐ Purse‐string skin closure vs linear skin closure

Summary of findings table ‐ Purse‐string skin closure probably leads to lower surgical site infection compared with linear skin closure (moderate certainty).

• Purse‐string skin closure versus linear skin closure in people undergoing stoma reversal 2024 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  OR 0.17 [0.09, 0.29]
  9 studies · 757 participants
  Moderate

Tranexamic acid vs placebo (saline solution or sterile water)

• Tranexamic acid for the reduction of bleeding during functional endoscopic sinus surgery 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  13 studies · 772 participants
  Moderate

Tranexamic acid vs placebo (saline solution or sterile water)

• Tranexamic acid for the reduction of bleeding during functional endoscopic sinus surgery 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  10 studies · 666 participants
  Moderate

Tranexamic acid vs placebo (saline solution or sterile water)

Tranexamic acid showed no clear difference in surgical complications compared with placebo (saline solution or sterile water) (moderate certainty).

• Tranexamic acid for the reduction of bleeding during functional endoscopic sinus surgery 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RD 0
  2 studies · 58 participants
  Moderate

Intervention not reported

The intervention showed no clear difference in surgical Site Infection (hospital stay) (low certainty).

• Effects of interventions targeting the systemic inflammatory response to cardiac surgery on clinical outcomes in adults 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.92 [0.83, 1.01]
  40 studies · 19368 participants
  Low

Summary of findings table ‐ Combined mechanical and oral antibiotic bowel preparation vs no bowel preparation

Summary of findings table ‐ Combined mechanical and oral antibiotic… showed no clear difference in surgical site infections compared with no bowel preparation (low certainty).

• Preoperative combined mechanical and oral antibiotic bowel preparation for preventing complications in elective… 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.63 [0.33, 1.23]
  1 study · 396 participants
  Low

Summary of findings table ‐ Combined mechanical and oral antibiotic bowel preparation vs oral antibiotics

It is very uncertain whether summary of findings table ‐ Combined mechanical and oral antibiotic… changes surgical site infections compared with oral antibiotics alone (very low certainty).

• Preoperative combined mechanical and oral antibiotic bowel preparation for preventing complications in elective… 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.87 [0.34, 2.21]
  3 studies · 960 participants
  Very low

Antifibrinolytic therapy - locally-applied tranexamic acid (TXA) mouthwash/solution (SoF eligibility: TXA or EACA; all included trials used topical TXA) vs placebo or usual care

Topical TXA showed no clear difference in major surgical complications compared with no TXA (placebo or usual care) (low certainty).

• Tranexamic acid for percutaneous nephrolithotomy 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.69 [0.45, 1.06]
  1 study · 400 participants
  Low

Antifibrinolytic therapy - locally-applied tranexamic acid (TXA) mouthwash/solution (SoF eligibility: TXA or EACA; all included trials used topical TXA) vs placebo or usual care

Topical TXA may leads to lower minor surgical complications compared with no TXA (placebo or usual care) (low certainty).

• Tranexamic acid for percutaneous nephrolithotomy 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.73 [0.59, 0.91]
  1 study · 400 participants
  Low

Systemic TXA vs placebo or usual care

Systemic TXA probably leads to lower major surgical complications compared with no TXA (placebo or usual care) (moderate certainty).

• Tranexamic acid for percutaneous nephrolithotomy 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.36 [0.21, 0.62]
  5 studies · 733 participants
  Moderate

Systemic TXA vs placebo or usual care

Systemic TXA showed no clear difference in minor surgical complications compared with no TXA (placebo or usual care) (low certainty).

• Tranexamic acid for percutaneous nephrolithotomy 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.71 [0.45, 1.1]
  5 studies · 733 participants
  Low

Summary of findings table ‐ mesh repair vs non‐mesh repair

It is very uncertain whether summary of findings table ‐ mesh repair changes surgical site infections within 30 days of repair compared with non‐mesh repair (very low certainty).

• Mesh versus non‐mesh for emergency groin hernia repair 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 1.66 [0.96, 2.88]
  2 studies · 454 participants
  Very low

Helium vs carbon dioxide

• Gases for establishing pneumoperitoneum during laparoscopic abdominal surgery 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  5 studies · 177 participants
  Very low

Room air vs carbon dioxide

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Gases for establishing pneumoperitoneum during laparoscopic abdominal surgery 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  No studies found