What do systematic reviews say?

Modified natural cycle FET (HCG trigger) vs HT + GnRHa FET

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Cycle regimens for frozen‐thawed embryo transfer 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  No studies found

HT FET vs HT + GnRHa FET

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Cycle regimens for frozen‐thawed embryo transfer 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  No studies found

HMG FET vs clomiphene + HMG FET

It is very uncertain whether HMG FET changes multiple pregnancy rate per woman compared with clomiphene + HMG FET (very low certainty).

• Cycle regimens for frozen‐thawed embryo transfer 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  OR 1.41 [0.31, 6.48]
  1 study · 209 participants
  Very low

Natural cycle FET vs HT FET

It is very uncertain whether natural cycle FET changes multiple pregnancy rate per woman compared with HT FET (very low certainty).

• Cycle regimens for frozen‐thawed embryo transfer 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  OR 2.48 [0.09, 68.14]
  1 study · 21 participants
  Very low

Natural cycle FET vs HT + GnRHa FET

Natural cycle FET showed no clear difference in multiple pregnancy rate per woman compared with HT plus GnRHa suppression FET (low certainty).

• Cycle regimens for frozen‐thawed embryo transfer 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  OR 0.58 [0.13, 2.5]
  1 study · 159 participants
  Low

COMMUNITY TREATMENT ORDERS vs SUPERVISED DISCHARGE (SECTION 17)

COMMUNITY TREATMENT ORDERS showed no clear difference in health service outcomes: 4. Number with multiple readmissions by 12… compared with SUPERVISED DISCHARGE (SECTION 17) (moderate certainty).

• Compulsory community and involuntary outpatient treatment for people with severe mental disorders 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.56 [0.27, 1.17]
  1 study · 333 participants
  Moderate

COMPULSORY COMMUNITY TREATMENT vs usual care

COMPULSORY COMMUNITY TREATMENT showed no clear difference in health service outcomes: 3. Number with multiple readmissions by 12… compared with STANDARD CARE (moderate certainty).

• Compulsory community and involuntary outpatient treatment for people with severe mental disorders 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 1 [0.6, 1.66]
  2 studies · 485 participants
  Moderate

Glucocorticoid supplementation vs placebo

It is very uncertain whether glucocorticoid supplementation changes multiple pregnancy rate per woman/couple compared with placebo (very low certainty).

• Glucocorticoid supplementation during ovarian stimulation for IVF or ICSI 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  OR 3.32 [0.12, 91.6]
  1 study · 20 participants
  Very low

Summary of findings table ‐ Progestogens vs placebo or no pretreatment

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Oral contraceptive pill, progestogen or oestrogen pretreatment for ovarian stimulation protocols for women undergoing… 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  No studies found
• Oral contraceptive pill, progestogen or oestrogen pretreatment for ovarian stimulation protocols for women undergoing… 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  OR 1.05 [0.06, 17.76]
  1 study · 47 participants
  Low

Oestrogen vs no pretreatment

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Oral contraceptive pill, progestogen or oestrogen pretreatment for ovarian stimulation protocols for women undergoing… 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  No studies found
• Oral contraceptive pill, progestogen or oestrogen pretreatment for ovarian stimulation protocols for women undergoing… 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  OR 2.24 [0.09, 53.59]
  1 study · 22 participants
  Very low

Combined oral contraceptive pill vs no pretreatment

Combined oral contraceptive pill showed no clear difference in multiple pregnancy rate (COCP + Ant vs Ant) compared with no pretreatment (low certainty).

• Oral contraceptive pill, progestogen or oestrogen pretreatment for ovarian stimulation protocols for women undergoing… 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  OR 2.21 [0.53, 9.26]
  2 studies · 125 participants
  Low
• Oral contraceptive pill, progestogen or oestrogen pretreatment for ovarian stimulation protocols for women undergoing… 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  OR 1.36 [0.85, 2.19]
  4 studies · 546 participants
  Moderate

Pathogen‐reduced platelets vs standard platelets

• Pathogen‐reduced platelets for the prevention of bleeding 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  6 studies · 1509 participants
  High

Metformin vs placebo co‐treatment

Metformin showed no clear difference in multiple pregnancy rate (per woman) compared with placebo co‐treatment (low certainty).

• Metformin during ovulation induction with gonadotrophins followed by timed intercourse or intrauterine insemination… 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  OR 0.55 [0.15, 1.95]
  4 studies · 232 participants
  Low

IUI in a stimulated cycle vs TI

IUI in stimulated cycles showed no clear difference in multiple pregnancy rate per couple compared with TI (low certainty).

• Assisted reproductive technologies for male subfertility 2016 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  OR 3.15 [0.12, 79.69]
  Studies not reported
  Low

Intervention not reported

It is very uncertain whether the intervention changes multiple pregnancy ‐ Clomiphene citrate 5 days versus clomiphene… (very low certainty).

• Clomiphene and other antioestrogens for ovulation induction in polycystic ovarian syndrome 2016 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  OR 0.33 [0.03, 3.2]
  1 study · 220 participants
  Very low

Antioestrogen vs placebo

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Clomiphene and other antioestrogens for ovulation induction in polycystic ovarian syndrome 2016 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  No studies found

Antioestrogen vs antioestrogen

It is very uncertain whether antioestrogen changes clomiphene citrate versus tamoxifen ‐ Multiple pregnancy compared with antioestrogen (very low certainty).

• Clomiphene and other antioestrogens for ovulation induction in polycystic ovarian syndrome 2016 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  OR 2.34 [0.34, 16.04]
  3 studies · 567 participants
  Very low

Intervention not reported

• Early skin‐to‐skin contact for mothers and their healthy newborn infants 2016 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  2 studies · 81 participants
  Low

Day 3 vs Day 2 embryo transfer following IVF or ICSI

Day 3 showed no clear difference in multiple pregnancy rate per woman compared with day 2 embryo transfer following IVF or ICSI (moderate certainty).

• Day three versus day two embryo transfer following in vitro fertilization or intracytoplasmic sperm injection 2016 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 1.12 [0.86, 1.44]
  8 studies · 1837 participants
  Moderate

Low‐dose aspirin vs placebo or no treatment

Low‐dose aspirin showed no clear difference in multiple pregnancy (on ultrasound) compared with placebo or no treatment (low certainty).

• Aspirin for in vitro fertilisation 2016 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.67 [0.37, 1.25]
  2 studies · 656 participants
  Low