Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

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Evidence found and GRADE certainty

633 questions · 668 findings · 122 reviews · Headline outcomes only

No studies found 144 · 21.6%GRADE not reported 27 · 4%Very low 154 · 23.1%Low 194 · 29%Moderate 119 · 17.8%High 30 · 4.5%

CR oxycodone vs CR morphine

Vomiting · adults with cancer‐related pain

It is very uncertain whether CR oxycodone changes vomiting (Event rate during treatment, length of treatment varied… compared with CR morphine (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

CR oxycodone vs IR oxycodone

Constipation · adults with cancer‐related pain

It is very uncertain whether CR oxycodone changes constipation (Event rate during treatment, length of treatment… compared with IR oxycodone (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

CR oxycodone vs IR oxycodone

Drowsiness/somnolence (Event rate during treatment, length of treatment varied across trials) · adults with cancer‐related pain

It is very uncertain whether CR oxycodone changes drowsiness/somnolence (Event rate during treatment, length of… compared with IR oxycodone (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

CR oxycodone vs IR oxycodone

Nausea · adults with cancer‐related pain

It is very uncertain whether CR oxycodone changes nausea (Event rate during treatment, length of treatment varied… compared with IR oxycodone (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

CR oxycodone vs IR oxycodone

Vomiting · adults with cancer‐related pain

It is very uncertain whether CR oxycodone changes vomiting (Event rate during treatment, length of treatment varied… compared with IR oxycodone (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

General anaesthesia vs non‐general anaesthesia

Intracranial haemorrhage · acute ischaemic stroke endovascular treatment (long‐term)

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

2 findings from 1 review

Anticoagulant vs control

Symptomatic intracranial haemorrhage during treatment period · acute presumed ischaemic stroke

Summary of findings table ‐ Anticoagulant probably leads to higher symptomatic intracranial haemorrhage during treatment period compared with control (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Anticoagulant vs control

Major extracranial haemorrhage during treatment period · acute presumed ischaemic stroke

Summary of findings table ‐ Anticoagulant probably leads to higher major extracranial haemorrhage during treatment period compared with control (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Intravenous thrombolytic treatment vs standard‐of‐care therapy

Symptomatic intracranial haemorrhage at · people with stroke upon awakening

Intravenous thrombolytic treatment showed no clear difference in symptomatic intracranial haemorrhage at compared with standard medical care (high certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Intervention not reported

Overall communication skills Different scales used by different studies: total scores vary across communication items or average score on a Likert scale Based on assessments occurring immediately and up to 12 months after intervention delivery · pre‐registration medical students
1 finding from 1 review

Intervention not reported

Relationship building/rapport Different scales used by different studies: average empathy score across several items or average score on a Likert scale Based on assessments occurring immediately and up to 12 months after intervention delivery · pre‐registration medical students
1 finding from 1 review

Intervention not reported

Overall communication skills Different scales used across studies: total scores vary across communication items or average score on a Likert scale Based on assessments occurring immediately and up to 12 months after intervention delivery · pre‐registration medical students
1 finding from 1 review

Intervention not reported

Empathy Different scales used by different studies: average empathy score across several items or average score on a 5‐ to 9‐point Likert scale Based on assessments occurring immediately and up to 12 months after intervention delivery · pre‐registration medical students
1 finding from 1 review