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Each row is one question a systematic review asked: who, what, compared with what, and which outcome, with the effect it found and how certain that is. Every word you type has to appear somewhere in the question, and the closest matches are ranked first. Each row links to its question's own page, which gathers every review that asked it, however worded; see the questions asked by more than one review.
10,375 questions in 429 reviews · Oral Health
current versionsNo studies 1,344 · 13%Ungraded 6,832 · 65.9%Very low 1,228 · 11.8%Low 613 · 5.9%Moderate 290 · 2.8%High 68 · 0.7%
Ungraded means an effect was reported without a GRADE rating; it is not a gap. No studies means the review found nothing to answer the question. The six categories are a display order, not a score.
| Question | Effect | Evidence | Status / GRADE |
|---|---|---|---|
Abutment mobility · Partially edentulous people requiring a tooth- and tissue-supported (distal-extension) removable partial denture · 1 year, right abutment Final‐impression techniques and materials for making complete and removable partial dentures (2018) · Cochrane | RR 2.90 [0.87, 9.61] | 1 study | Very low |
Behaviour · Children and adolescents (0 to 16 years) needing dental treatment Sedation of children undergoing dental treatment (2018) · Cochrane | Any behavioural score - Chloral hydrate/hydroxyzine versus (other sedatives): 235 (6); VERY LOW | 6 studies · 235 participants | Very low |
Success of local anaesthesia (clinical; orphan data) · Participants of any age and gender undergoing dental procedures, and volunteers who took part in simulated scenario… Injectable local anaesthetic agents for dental anaesthesia (2018) · Cochrane | No data available for meta-analysis; orphan data summarized in Table 6. Not pooled/graded. | NR | Ungraded |
Preterm birth stratified by gestational age at birth (moderate-to-late 32 to <37, very 28 to <32, extremely <28 weeks) · Pregnant women · Pregnant women assessed around delivery in observational studies across multiple countries (Mexico, Malawi, India, France, Jordan, Finland, Tanzania); mostly retrospective cohort and case-control designs, By gestational age at birth Dental caries and preterm birth: a systematic review and meta-analysis. (2018) | no estimate extracted | 0 studies | Ungraded |
Patient-reported changes in knowledge, attitudes and quality of life · Children or adults (fit and healthy, or with a well-defined medical condition) One‐to‐one oral hygiene advice provided in a dental setting for oral health (2018) · Cochrane | Hoogstraten 1983 (dental knowledge, attitude, behaviour, fear of dental treatment) and Memarpour 2016 (parents' knowledge and performance regarding oral health); measured, not synthesised or GRADE-rated. | 2 studies | Ungraded |
Mean number of decayed teeth (mean DT) · Adults aged 25 years and older in Australia, Canada, New Zealand, and the United States · 2004-2006, Australia, Australia Socioeconomic status, oral health and dental disease in Australia, Canada, New Zealand and the United States. (2018) | AD 0.35 [0.24, 0.46] | 1 study · 5073 participants | Ungraded |
Plaque · Dentate adults without severe periodontitis, regularly attending for dental care in primary care (UK general dental… · 24 months Routine scale and polish for periodontal health in adults (2018) · Cochrane | MD -0.04 [-0.13, 0.05] | 1 study · 207 participants | Low |
Radiological failure · Children with extensive decay involving the dental pulp in primary teeth · 12 months Pulp treatment for extensive decay in primary teeth (2018) · Cochrane | RR 42.63 [2.65, 685.54] | 1 study · 109 participants | Ungraded |
Prevalence of fair/poor self-rated oral health · Adults aged 25 years and older in Australia, Canada, New Zealand, and the United States · 2009, New Zealand, New Zealand Socioeconomic status, oral health and dental disease in Australia, Canada, New Zealand and the United States. (2018) | AD 4.2 [-2.9, 11.2] | 1 study · 2041 participants | Ungraded |
Aesthetic condition change related to patient's opinion · Adult patients with single (localised) recession-type defects (Miller Class I/II, at least 3 mm) · Short term (6 to 12 months) Root coverage procedures for treating localised and multiple recession‐type defects (2018) · Cochrane | Aesthetic condition change was not reported for this comparison | 0 studies | No studies |
Ferric sulphate (FS) + mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA) vs Ferric sulphate (FS) Outcome NR · Children with extensive decay involving the dental pulp in primary teeth · mean 22 months Pulp treatment for extensive decay in primary teeth (2018) · Cochrane | Assessed pain, soft tissue, mobility, adjacent tissue inflammation, radiolucency, root resorption, pulp canal obliteration (Doyle 2010); no clinical/radiological failure outcome; no significant differences | 1 study · 135 participants | Ungraded |
Oral health-related quality of life · Patients affected by infrabony defects requiring surgical treatment, regardless of their age or gender Autologous platelet concentrates for treating periodontal infrabony defects (2018) · Cochrane | No quantitative analysis regarding patients' quality of life was possible (no data). | 0 studies | No studies |
Sensitivity for detecting all (initial and advanced) occlusal caries · Occlusal surfaces of permanent molars (demonstrated in 12-14 year-olds; underlying diagnostic accuracy studies, mostly… · Private practice, rural northern Germany, Tailored to Germany Visual and radiographic caries detection: a tailored meta-analysis for two different settings, Egypt and… (2018) | Sensitivity 36.0 [20, 56] | 9 studies | Ungraded |
Clinical failure · Children with extensive decay involving the dental pulp in primary teeth · 12 months Pulp treatment for extensive decay in primary teeth (2018) · Cochrane | RR 4.75 [1.21, 18.55] | 4 studies · 161 participants | Low |
Negative LR for detecting all (initial and advanced) occlusal caries · Occlusal surfaces of permanent molars (demonstrated in 12-14 year-olds; underlying diagnostic accuracy studies, mostly… · Private practice, rural northern Germany, Tailored to Germany Visual and radiographic caries detection: a tailored meta-analysis for two different settings, Egypt and… (2018) | Negative LR 0.76 [0.58, 0.99] | 9 studies | Ungraded |
Marginal discoloration · People with permanent posterior teeth restored with class I or II direct restorations · 60 months, Posterior class I/II restorations in permanent teeth; multicenter randomized controlled trials conducted across Europe, the Americas, and the Middle East Meta-analysis of the clinical behavior of posterior direct resin restorations: Low polymerization shrinkage… (2018) | Two articles (three experimental groups) evaluated marginal discoloration after 60 months; the meta-analysis showed no difference in the overall effect. | 2 studies | Ungraded |
Radiological failure · Children with extensive decay involving the dental pulp in primary teeth · up to 24 months Pulp treatment for extensive decay in primary teeth (2018) · Cochrane | No radiological failure in any participant; not estimable | 1 study · 50 participants | Ungraded |
Radiological failure · Children with extensive decay involving the dental pulp in primary teeth · 6 and 12 months Pulp treatment for extensive decay in primary teeth (2018) · Cochrane | RR 0.50 [0.15, 1.64] | 1 study · 30 participants | Ungraded |
Positive LR for detecting advanced proximal caries · Proximal surfaces of permanent molars (demonstrated in 12-14 year-olds; underlying diagnostic accuracy studies, mostly… · Public health clinic, Giza (Cairo), Egypt, Tailored to Egypt Visual and radiographic caries detection: a tailored meta-analysis for two different settings, Egypt and… (2018) | Positive LR 9.82 [7.3, 13.3] | 22 studies | Ungraded |
Tooth whitening - assessed by the dentist · Adults (>=18 years) undergoing home-based bleaching (including tetracycline- and smoking-stained teeth, any baseline… · 2 days Home‐based chemically‐induced whitening (bleaching) of teeth in adults (2018) · Cochrane | MD 0.89 [0.77, 1.01] | 1 study · 37 participants | Very low |
Clinical attachment level change · Adult patients with single (localised) recession-type defects (Miller Class I/II, at least 3 mm) · Short term (6 to 12 months) Root coverage procedures for treating localised and multiple recession‐type defects (2018) · Cochrane | MD -0.52 [-1.34, 0.30] | 2 studies | Ungraded |
Intervention NR Overall failure Pulpotomy versus pulpectomy in the treatment of vital pulp exposure in primary incisors. A systematic review… (2018) | no estimate extracted | 2 studies | Ungraded |
Radiological failure · Children with extensive decay involving the dental pulp in primary teeth · 12 months Pulp treatment for extensive decay in primary teeth (2018) · Cochrane | No radiological failure in any participant; not estimable | 1 study · 160 participants | Ungraded |
Specificity for detecting advanced occlusal caries · Occlusal surfaces of permanent molars (demonstrated in 12-14 year-olds; underlying diagnostic accuracy studies, mostly… · Conventional meta-analysis (all studies) Visual and radiographic caries detection: a tailored meta-analysis for two different settings, Egypt and… (2018) | Specificity 90.9 [88, 93] | 94 studies | Ungraded |
Prosthodontic maintenance (general categorization) · Edentulous adults receiving mandibular implant overdentures (opposing conventional complete maxillary dentures) · Short term (1 to 3 years) Interventions for replacing missing teeth: attachment systems for implant overdentures in edentulous jaws (2018) · Cochrane | Recorded by Kappel 2016 and Walton 2002; they did not provide usable data for inclusion in the review. | 2 studies | Ungraded |
Successful (complete) closure of oro-antral communication · People of any age with oro-antral communications, fistulae, or both caused by dental procedures · One month after surgery Interventions for treating oro‐antral communications and fistulae due to dental procedures (2018) · Cochrane | RR 1.00 [0.83, 1.20] | 1 study · 20 participants | Very low |
Final overjet · Adolescents (age 12 to 16 years) receiving orthodontic treatment to correct prominent upper front teeth (Class II… · End of orthodontic treatment Orthodontic treatment for prominent upper front teeth (Class II malocclusion) in children and adolescents (2018) · Cochrane | MD 0.74 [0.15, 1.33] | 2 studies · 154 participants | Low |
Time required for healing · People of any age with oro-antral communications, fistulae, or both caused by dental procedures Interventions for treating oro‐antral communications and fistulae due to dental procedures (2018) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 0 studies | No studies |
Duration of anaesthesia (soft tissue, simulated) · Participants of any age and gender undergoing dental procedures, and volunteers who took part in simulated scenario… Injectable local anaesthetic agents for dental anaesthesia (2018) · Cochrane | MD 222.88 [135.99, 309.76] | 6 studies · 232 participants | Very low |
Clinical failure · Children with extensive decay involving the dental pulp in primary teeth · 24 months Pulp treatment for extensive decay in primary teeth (2018) · Cochrane | RR 0.33 [0.01, 7.81] | 1 study · 50 participants | Ungraded |
Patient satisfaction with advice provided · Children or adults (fit and healthy, or with a well-defined medical condition) One‐to‐one oral hygiene advice provided in a dental setting for oral health (2018) · Cochrane | Aljafari 2017 reported parent and child satisfaction with their educational intervention; measured, not synthesised or GRADE-rated. | 1 study | Ungraded |
Negative LR for detecting all (initial and advanced) occlusal caries · Occlusal surfaces of permanent molars (demonstrated in 12-14 year-olds; underlying diagnostic accuracy studies, mostly… · Public health clinic, Giza (Cairo), Egypt, Tailored to Egypt Visual and radiographic caries detection: a tailored meta-analysis for two different settings, Egypt and… (2018) | Negative LR 0.75 [0.6, 0.94] | 11 studies | Ungraded |
Behaviour · Children and adolescents (0 to 16 years) needing dental treatment Sedation of children undergoing dental treatment (2018) · Cochrane | Any behavioural score - Ketamine versus (other sedatives): 494 (8); VERY LOW | 8 studies · 494 participants | Very low |
Final overjet · Children (7 to 11 years) and adolescents (12 to 16 years) with prominent upper front teeth (Class II malocclusion) · End of orthodontic treatment (phase II) Orthodontic treatment for prominent upper front teeth (Class II malocclusion) in children and adolescents (2018) · Cochrane | MD 0.21 [-0.1, 0.51] | 3 studies · 343 participants | Low |
Incidence of incisal trauma · Children (7 to 11 years) and adolescents (12 to 16 years) with prominent upper front teeth (Class II malocclusion) · End of phase I (growth modification phase) Orthodontic treatment for prominent upper front teeth (Class II malocclusion) in children and adolescents (2018) · Cochrane | OR 0.72 [0.35, 1.49] | 2 studies · 281 participants | Ungraded |
Duration of anaesthesia (pulpal, electric pulp tester; healthy pulps) · Participants of any age and gender undergoing dental procedures, and volunteers who took part in simulated scenario… Injectable local anaesthetic agents for dental anaesthesia (2018) · Cochrane | MD 21.87 [-10.96, 54.71] | 3 studies · 52 participants | Very low |
Speed of onset of anaesthesia (pulpal, electric pulp tester; healthy pulps) · Participants of any age and gender undergoing dental procedures, and volunteers who took part in simulated scenario… Injectable local anaesthetic agents for dental anaesthesia (2018) · Cochrane | MD -1.23 [-2.31, -0.16] | 3 studies · 85 participants | Low |
Clinical attachment level change · Adult patients with single (localised) recession-type defects (Miller Class I/II, at least 3 mm) · Short term (6 to 12 months) Root coverage procedures for treating localised and multiple recession‐type defects (2018) · Cochrane | MD 0.51 [-0.25, 1.27] | 2 studies · 50 participants | Low |
Radiological failure · Children with extensive decay involving the dental pulp in primary teeth · 24 months Pulp treatment for extensive decay in primary teeth (2018) · Cochrane | RR 3.11 [1.61, 6.02] | 1 study · 120 participants | Low |
Behaviour · Children and adolescents (0 to 16 years) needing dental treatment Sedation of children undergoing dental treatment (2018) · Cochrane | Any behavioural score - Midazolam (any mode of delivery): 394 (10 studies); VERY LOW. Insufficient evidence to determine whether any specific dose of intranasal midazolam is effective; weak evidence oral midazolam… | 10 studies · 394 participants | Very low |
Quality of life · Children (80% aged <= 16 years) with a Class II division 2 malocclusion (deep bite and retroclined upper front teeth) Orthodontic treatment for deep bite and retroclined upper front teeth in children (2018) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 0 studies | No studies |
Development and eruption of the third molar · Children aged 5 to 15 years with a compromised first permanent molar · Hospital-based oral surgery and orthodontic departments (Turkey) Consequences of early extraction of compromised first permanent molar: a systematic review. (2018) | OR 2.86 [1.37, 5.96] | 2 studies | Ungraded |
Formocresol (FC) pulpotomy vs Calcium hydroxide pulpectomy Outcome NR · Children with extensive decay involving the dental pulp in primary teeth Pulp treatment for extensive decay in primary teeth (2018) · Cochrane | Coser 2008 randomised 51 teeth; no data provided for any outcome | 0 studies | No studies |
Gingival recession depth change · Adult patients with single (localised) recession-type defects (Miller Class I/II, at least 3 mm) · Short term (6 to 12 months) Root coverage procedures for treating localised and multiple recession‐type defects (2018) · Cochrane | MD 0.40 [0.11, 0.68] | 2 studies · 104 participants | Low |
Radiological failure · Children with extensive decay involving the dental pulp in primary teeth · 6 months Pulp treatment for extensive decay in primary teeth (2018) · Cochrane | RR 1.25 [0.38, 4.12] | 2 studies · 50 participants | Low |
Adverse effects: pain following injection · Participants of any age and gender undergoing dental procedures, and volunteers who took part in simulated scenario… Injectable local anaesthetic agents for dental anaesthesia (2018) · Cochrane | SoF: Not measured. | 0 studies | No studies |
Dental caries experience (DMFT) · Adults aged 19-60 years · Population/community-based studies of adults aged 19-60 years across multiple countries (studies published 1975-2016), Low schooling (>=33.60% with low schooling) Socioeconomic Factors and Caries in People between 19 and 60 Years of Age: An Update of a Systematic Review… (2018) | MEAN 9.63 [4.38, 14.89] | 5 studies | Ungraded |
PAR score · Children (7 to 11 years) and adolescents (12 to 16 years) with prominent upper front teeth (Class II malocclusion) · End of orthodontic treatment (phase II) Orthodontic treatment for prominent upper front teeth (Class II malocclusion) in children and adolescents (2018) · Cochrane | MD -0.81 [-2.21, 0.58] | 2 studies · 224 participants | Ungraded |
Sites with complete root coverage · Adult patients with single (localised) recession-type defects (Miller Class I/II, at least 3 mm) · Short term (6 to 12 months) Root coverage procedures for treating localised and multiple recession‐type defects (2018) · Cochrane | OR 1.33 [0.46, 3.85] | 2 studies | Ungraded |
Advanced proximal carious lesions · Permanent molar surfaces in diagnostic accuracy studies (mostly in vitro; clinical) · All included studies, Conventional meta-analysis (all studies) Visual and radiographic caries detection: a tailored meta-analysis for two different settings, Egypt and… (2018) | Specificity 95.5 [94, 97] | 22 studies | Ungraded |