Non-Cochrane · DTA · PM29884157
Visual and radiographic caries detection: a tailored meta-analysis for two different settings, Egypt and Germany.
Schwendicke Falk, Elhennawy Karim, El Shahawy Osama, et al. · BMC oral health · 2018 · PubMed · doi:10.1186/s12903-018-0561-z
Full textEvery question was extracted from the full text, figures and supplements by two independent LLM extractors, disagreements adjudicated. Rows cite where in the review the value comes from.
Questions
101
current version
GRADE rated
0
No studies
0
Included studies
2
linked below
No studies 0 · 0%Ungraded 101 · 100%Very low 0 · 0%Low 0 · 0%Moderate 0 · 0%High 0 · 0%
Ungraded means an effect was reported without a GRADE rating; it is not a gap. No studies means the review found nothing to answer the question. The six categories are a display order, not a score.
Review question
| Element | Planned (methods) | Found (results) |
|---|---|---|
| Population | Occlusal and proximal surfaces of permanent molars; demonstration population of 12-14 year-olds in two settings; underlying diagnostic accuracy studies (mostly in vitro) | Occlusal surfaces (visual and radiographic) and proximal surfaces (radiographic only; visual proximal data discarded due to variable accessibility) of permanent molars |
| Intervention | Visual (ICDAS) caries detection and radiographic (bitewing) caries detection | Visual detection (occlusal only) and radiographic detection (occlusal and proximal) |
| Comparison | Reference standard (histology/cavity opening; dentin-involvement threshold); conventional versus tailored meta-analysis | Reference standard (histology/cavitation); conventional versus tailored-to-Egypt versus tailored-to-Germany |
| Outcomes | Diagnostic accuracy: sensitivity, specificity, positive/negative likelihood ratios, positive/negative predictive values | Sensitivity and specificity (Table 2); positive/negative likelihood ratios (Table 3); PPV (Table 4) and NPV (Table 5) |
| Study designs | Private practice (rural northern Germany) and public health clinic (Giza/Cairo, Egypt) | Egypt (public health clinic) and Germany (private practice) |
| Timing | Not specified (cross-sectional diagnostic accuracy) | Not specified |
Search date: Not specified (data reused from two source systematic reviews, Gimenez 2015 and Schwendicke 2015). Databases: PubMed; Embase; Cochrane Central (inherited from the two source systematic reviews)
Questions and results
Visual caries detection (ICDAS visual/visual-tactile inspection) vs Reference standard (histological validation or cavity/lesion opening; advanced = cavitated/dentin-involved lesions, all = enamel-confined initial lesions also counted)
Population: Occlusal surfaces of permanent molars (demonstrated in 12-14 year-olds; underlying diagnostic accuracy studies, mostly in vitro)
| Outcome | Effect | Evidence | Status / GRADE |
|---|---|---|---|
PPV for detecting advanced occlusal caries Tailored to Germany In the German private-practice setting, the positive predictive value of visual detection for advanced occlusal caries was 77.9% at an assumed prevalence of 22.0% (ungraded). Source: Table 4; Results (PPV/NPV paragraph) · same question in other reviews | PPV 77.9 | 50 studies | Ungraded |
PPV for detecting advanced occlusal caries Tailored to Egypt In the Egyptian public health clinic setting, the positive predictive value of visual detection for advanced occlusal caries was 30.6% at an assumed prevalence of 8.1% (ungraded). Source: Table 4; Results (PPV/NPV paragraph) · same question in other reviews | PPV 30.6 | 55 studies | Ungraded |
Positive LR for detecting advanced occlusal caries Conventional meta-analysis (all studies) In the conventional (all-studies) meta-analysis, the positive lr of visual detection for advanced occlusal caries was 7.09 (95% CI 5.6 to 8.9) (ungraded). Source: Table 3 · same question in other reviews | Positive LR 7.09 [5.6, 8.9] | 94 studies | Ungraded |
Negative LR for detecting advanced occlusal caries Conventional meta-analysis (all studies) In the conventional (all-studies) meta-analysis, the negative lr of visual detection for advanced occlusal caries was 0.39 (95% CI 0.3 to 0.5) (ungraded). Source: Table 3 · same question in other reviews | Negative LR 0.39 [0.3, 0.5] | 94 studies | Ungraded |
Specificity for detecting advanced occlusal caries Conventional meta-analysis (all studies) In the conventional (all-studies) meta-analysis, pooled specificity of visual detection for advanced occlusal caries was 90.9% (95% CI 88 to 93) (ungraded). Source: Table 2; Fig. 2 (ROC summary estimates) · same question in other reviews | Specificity 90.9 [88, 93] | 94 studies | Ungraded |
Advanced occlusal carious lesions Tailored meta-analysis (Egypt) Population: Permanent molar surfaces in diagnostic accuracy studies (mostly in vitro; clinical) Pooled specificity for visual detection of advanced occlusal lesions was 0.849 (95% CI 0.82 to 0.89). Source: Table 2 · same question in other reviews | Specificity 84.9 [82, 89] | 55 studies | Ungraded |
NPV for detecting advanced occlusal caries Tailored to Germany In the German private-practice setting, the negative predictive value of visual detection for advanced occlusal caries was 85.9% at an assumed prevalence of 22.0% (ungraded). Source: Table 5; Results (PPV/NPV paragraph) · same question in other reviews | NPV 85.9 | 50 studies | Ungraded |
Negative LR for detecting advanced occlusal caries Tailored to Germany In the meta-analysis tailored to Germany, the negative lr of visual detection for advanced occlusal caries was 0.58 (95% CI 0.5 to 0.7) (ungraded). Source: Table 3 · same question in other reviews | Negative LR 0.58 [0.5, 0.7] | 50 studies | Ungraded |
Specificity for detecting advanced occlusal caries Tailored to Germany In the meta-analysis tailored to Germany, pooled specificity of visual detection for advanced occlusal caries was 96.5% (95% CI 95 to 97) (ungraded). Source: Table 2; Fig. 2 (ROC summary estimates) · same question in other reviews | Specificity 96.5 [95, 97] | 50 studies | Ungraded |
Sensitivity for detecting advanced occlusal caries Tailored to Germany In the meta-analysis tailored to Germany, pooled sensitivity of visual detection for advanced occlusal caries was 43.7% (95% CI 37 to 51) (ungraded). Source: Table 2; Fig. 2 (ROC summary estimates) · same question in other reviews | Sensitivity 43.7 [37, 51] | 50 studies | Ungraded |
Sensitivity for detecting advanced occlusal caries Conventional meta-analysis (all studies) In the conventional (all-studies) meta-analysis, pooled sensitivity of visual detection for advanced occlusal caries was 64.6% (95% CI 57 to 71) (ungraded). Source: Table 2; Fig. 2 (ROC summary estimates) · same question in other reviews | Sensitivity 64.6 [57, 71] | 94 studies | Ungraded |
Specificity for detecting advanced occlusal caries Tailored to Egypt In the meta-analysis tailored to Egypt, pooled specificity of visual detection for advanced occlusal caries was 84.9% (95% CI 82 to 89) (ungraded). Source: Table 2; Fig. 2 (ROC summary estimates) · same question in other reviews | Specificity 84.9 [82, 89] | 55 studies | Ungraded |
Positive LR for detecting advanced occlusal caries Tailored to Egypt In the meta-analysis tailored to Egypt, the positive lr of visual detection for advanced occlusal caries was 5.0 (95% CI 4.3 to 5.8) (ungraded). Source: Table 3 · same question in other reviews | Positive LR 5.0 [4.3, 5.8] | 55 studies | Ungraded |
NPV for detecting advanced occlusal caries Tailored to Egypt In the Egyptian public health clinic setting, the negative predictive value of visual detection for advanced occlusal caries was 97.5% at an assumed prevalence of 8.1% (ungraded). Source: Table 5; Results (PPV/NPV paragraph) · same question in other reviews | NPV 97.5 | 55 studies | Ungraded |
Positive LR for detecting advanced occlusal caries Tailored to Germany In the meta-analysis tailored to Germany, the positive lr of visual detection for advanced occlusal caries was 12.5 (95% CI 9.2 to 16.9) (ungraded). Source: Table 3 · same question in other reviews | Positive LR 12.5 [9.2, 16.9] | 50 studies | Ungraded |
Sensitivity for detecting advanced occlusal caries Tailored to Egypt In the meta-analysis tailored to Egypt, pooled sensitivity of visual detection for advanced occlusal caries was 75.1% (95% CI 70 to 81) (ungraded). Source: Table 2; Fig. 2 (ROC summary estimates) · same question in other reviews | Sensitivity 75.1 [70, 81] | 55 studies | Ungraded |
Negative LR for detecting advanced occlusal caries Tailored to Egypt In the meta-analysis tailored to Egypt, the negative lr of visual detection for advanced occlusal caries was 0.29 (95% CI 0.2 to 0.4) (ungraded). Source: Table 3 · same question in other reviews | Negative LR 0.29 [0.2, 0.4] | 55 studies | Ungraded |
Advanced occlusal carious lesions Conventional meta-analysis (all studies) Population: Permanent molar surfaces in diagnostic accuracy studies (mostly in vitro; clinical) Pooled specificity for visual detection of advanced occlusal lesions was 0.909 (95% CI 0.88 to 0.93). Source: Table 2 · same question in other reviews | Specificity 90.9 [88, 93] | 94 studies | Ungraded |
Visual caries detection (ICDAS visual/visual-tactile inspection) vs Reference standard (histological validation or cavity/lesion opening; advanced = cavitated/dentin-involved lesions, all = enamel-confined initial lesions also counted)
Population: Occlusal surfaces of permanent molars (demonstrated in 12-14 year-olds; underlying diagnostic accuracy studies, mostly in vitro)
| Outcome | Effect | Evidence | Status / GRADE |
|---|---|---|---|
Specificity for detecting all (initial and advanced) occlusal caries Tailored to Germany In the meta-analysis tailored to Germany, pooled specificity of visual detection for all (initial and advanced) occlusal caries was 91.2% (95% CI 88 to 94) (ungraded). Source: Table 2 · same question in other reviews | Specificity 91.2 [88, 94] | 12 studies | Ungraded |
Sensitivity for detecting all (initial and advanced) occlusal caries Tailored to Egypt In the meta-analysis tailored to Egypt, pooled sensitivity of visual detection for all (initial and advanced) occlusal caries was 85.8% (95% CI 82 to 89) (ungraded). Source: Table 2 · same question in other reviews | Sensitivity 85.8 [82, 89] | 51 studies | Ungraded |
All occlusal carious lesions Conventional meta-analysis (all studies) Population: Permanent molar surfaces in diagnostic accuracy studies (mostly in vitro; clinical) Pooled specificity for visual detection of all occlusal lesions was 0.753 (95% CI 0.70 to 0.80). Source: Table 2 · same question in other reviews | Specificity 75.3 [70, 80] | 67 studies | Ungraded |
Negative LR for detecting all (initial and advanced) occlusal caries Tailored to Egypt In the meta-analysis tailored to Egypt, the negative lr of visual detection for all (initial and advanced) occlusal caries was 0.18 (95% CI 0.14 to 0.24) (ungraded). Source: Table 3 · same question in other reviews | Negative LR 0.18 [0.14, 0.24] | 51 studies | Ungraded |
NPV for detecting all (initial and advanced) occlusal caries Tailored to Germany In the German private-practice setting, the negative predictive value of visual detection for all (initial and advanced) occlusal caries was 68.6% at an assumed prevalence of 45.0% (ungraded). Source: Table 5; Results (PPV/NPV paragraph) · same question in other reviews | NPV 68.6 | 12 studies | Ungraded |
PPV for detecting all (initial and advanced) occlusal caries Tailored to Germany In the German private-practice setting, the positive predictive value of visual detection for all (initial and advanced) occlusal caries was 82.0% at an assumed prevalence of 45.0% (ungraded). Source: Table 4; Results (PPV/NPV paragraph) · same question in other reviews | PPV 82.0 | 12 studies | Ungraded |
Negative LR for detecting all (initial and advanced) occlusal caries Tailored to Germany In the meta-analysis tailored to Germany, the negative lr of visual detection for all (initial and advanced) occlusal caries was 0.56 (95% CI 0.46 to 0.68) (ungraded). Source: Table 3 · same question in other reviews | Negative LR 0.56 [0.46, 0.68] | 12 studies | Ungraded |
Sensitivity for detecting all (initial and advanced) occlusal caries Tailored to Germany In the meta-analysis tailored to Germany, pooled sensitivity of visual detection for all (initial and advanced) occlusal caries was 49.1% (95% CI 40 to 58) (ungraded). Source: Table 2 · same question in other reviews | Sensitivity 49.1 [40, 58] | 12 studies | Ungraded |
All occlusal carious lesions Tailored meta-analysis (Egypt) Population: Permanent molar surfaces in diagnostic accuracy studies (mostly in vitro; clinical) Pooled specificity for visual detection of all occlusal lesions was 0.770 (95% CI 0.73 to 0.81). Source: Table 2 · same question in other reviews | Specificity 77.0 [73, 81] | 51 studies | Ungraded |
NPV for detecting all (initial and advanced) occlusal caries Tailored to Egypt In the Egyptian public health clinic setting, the negative predictive value of visual detection for all (initial and advanced) occlusal caries was 97.4% at an assumed prevalence of 12.9% (ungraded). Source: Table 5; Results (PPV/NPV paragraph) · same question in other reviews | NPV 97.4 | 51 studies | Ungraded |
Positive LR for detecting all (initial and advanced) occlusal caries Tailored to Egypt In the meta-analysis tailored to Egypt, the positive lr of visual detection for all (initial and advanced) occlusal caries was 3.73 (95% CI 3.1 to 4.4) (ungraded). Source: Table 3 · same question in other reviews | Positive LR 3.73 [3.1, 4.4] | 51 studies | Ungraded |
Specificity for detecting all (initial and advanced) occlusal caries Conventional meta-analysis (all studies) In the conventional (all-studies) meta-analysis, pooled specificity of visual detection for all (initial and advanced) occlusal caries was 75.3% (95% CI 70 to 80) (ungraded). Source: Table 2 · same question in other reviews | Specificity 75.3 [70, 80] | 67 studies | Ungraded |
Negative LR for detecting all (initial and advanced) occlusal caries Conventional meta-analysis (all studies) In the conventional (all-studies) meta-analysis, the negative lr of visual detection for all (initial and advanced) occlusal caries was 0.19 (95% CI 0.15 to 0.25) (ungraded). Source: Table 3 · same question in other reviews | Negative LR 0.19 [0.15, 0.25] | 67 studies | Ungraded |
Positive LR for detecting all (initial and advanced) occlusal caries Tailored to Germany In the meta-analysis tailored to Germany, the positive lr of visual detection for all (initial and advanced) occlusal caries was 5.56 (95% CI 3.7 to 8.5) (ungraded). Source: Table 3 · same question in other reviews | Positive LR 5.56 [3.7, 8.5] | 12 studies | Ungraded |
Sensitivity for detecting all (initial and advanced) occlusal caries Conventional meta-analysis (all studies) In the conventional (all-studies) meta-analysis, pooled sensitivity of visual detection for all (initial and advanced) occlusal caries was 85.5% (95% CI 81 to 89) (ungraded). Source: Table 2 · same question in other reviews | Sensitivity 85.5 [81, 89] | 67 studies | Ungraded |
PPV for detecting all (initial and advanced) occlusal caries Tailored to Egypt In the Egyptian public health clinic setting, the positive predictive value of visual detection for all (initial and advanced) occlusal caries was 35.6% at an assumed prevalence of 12.9% (ungraded). Source: Table 4; Results (PPV/NPV paragraph) · same question in other reviews | PPV 35.6 | 51 studies | Ungraded |
Specificity for detecting all (initial and advanced) occlusal caries Tailored to Egypt In the meta-analysis tailored to Egypt, pooled specificity of visual detection for all (initial and advanced) occlusal caries was 77.0% (95% CI 73 to 81) (ungraded). Source: Table 2 · same question in other reviews | Specificity 77.0 [73, 81] | 51 studies | Ungraded |
Positive LR for detecting all (initial and advanced) occlusal caries Conventional meta-analysis (all studies) In the conventional (all-studies) meta-analysis, the positive lr of visual detection for all (initial and advanced) occlusal caries was 3.46 (95% CI 2.8 to 4.3) (ungraded). Source: Table 3 · same question in other reviews | Positive LR 3.46 [2.8, 4.3] | 67 studies | Ungraded |
Radiographic caries detection (bitewing radiography) vs Reference standard (histological validation or cavity/lesion opening; advanced = cavitated/dentin-involved lesions, all = enamel-confined initial lesions also counted)
Population: Occlusal surfaces of permanent molars (demonstrated in 12-14 year-olds; underlying diagnostic accuracy studies, mostly in vitro)
| Outcome | Effect | Evidence | Status / GRADE |
|---|---|---|---|
NPV for detecting advanced occlusal caries Tailored to Egypt In the Egyptian public health clinic setting, the negative predictive value of radiographic detection for advanced occlusal caries was 89.3% at an assumed prevalence of 19.0% (ungraded). Source: Table 5; Results (PPV/NPV paragraph) · same question in other reviews | NPV 89.3 | 38 studies | Ungraded |
Negative LR for detecting advanced occlusal caries Tailored to Germany In the meta-analysis tailored to Germany, the negative lr of radiographic detection for advanced occlusal caries was 0.54 (95% CI 0.46 to 0.63) (ungraded). Source: Table 3 · same question in other reviews | Negative LR 0.54 [0.46, 0.63] | 36 studies | Ungraded |
Specificity for detecting advanced occlusal caries Tailored to Germany In the meta-analysis tailored to Germany, pooled specificity of radiographic detection for advanced occlusal caries was 91.4% (95% CI 88 to 94) (ungraded). Source: Table 2 · same question in other reviews | Specificity 91.4 [88, 94] | 36 studies | Ungraded |
Negative LR for detecting advanced occlusal caries Tailored to Egypt In the meta-analysis tailored to Egypt, the negative lr of radiographic detection for advanced occlusal caries was 0.51 (95% CI 0.44 to 0.6) (ungraded). Source: Table 3 · same question in other reviews | Negative LR 0.51 [0.44, 0.6] | 38 studies | Ungraded |
Sensitivity for detecting advanced occlusal caries Tailored to Egypt In the meta-analysis tailored to Egypt, pooled sensitivity of radiographic detection for advanced occlusal caries was 54.2% (95% CI 47 to 61) (ungraded). Source: Table 2 · same question in other reviews | Sensitivity 54.2 [47, 61] | 38 studies | Ungraded |
PPV for detecting advanced occlusal caries Tailored to Egypt In the Egyptian public health clinic setting, the positive predictive value of radiographic detection for advanced occlusal caries was 58.3% at an assumed prevalence of 19.0% (ungraded). Source: Table 4; Results (PPV/NPV paragraph) · same question in other reviews | PPV 58.3 | 38 studies | Ungraded |
Positive LR for detecting advanced occlusal caries Tailored to Germany In the meta-analysis tailored to Germany, the positive lr of radiographic detection for advanced occlusal caries was 5.87 (95% CI 4.3 to 8.0) (ungraded). Source: Table 3 · same question in other reviews | Positive LR 5.87 [4.3, 8.0] | 36 studies | Ungraded |
Negative LR for detecting advanced occlusal caries Conventional meta-analysis (all studies) In the conventional (all-studies) meta-analysis, the negative lr of radiographic detection for advanced occlusal caries was 0.53 (95% CI 0.46 to 0.62) (ungraded). Source: Table 3 · same question in other reviews | Negative LR 0.53 [0.46, 0.62] | 44 studies | Ungraded |
Positive LR for detecting advanced occlusal caries Tailored to Egypt In the meta-analysis tailored to Egypt, the positive lr of radiographic detection for advanced occlusal caries was 5.96 (95% CI 3.7 to 6.6) (ungraded). Source: Table 3 · same question in other reviews | Positive LR 5.96 [3.7, 6.6] | 38 studies | Ungraded |
Sensitivity for detecting advanced occlusal caries Conventional meta-analysis (all studies) In the conventional (all-studies) meta-analysis, pooled sensitivity of radiographic detection for advanced occlusal caries was 52.3% (95% CI 44 to 60) (ungraded). Source: Table 2 · same question in other reviews | Sensitivity 52.3 [44, 60] | 44 studies | Ungraded |
Positive LR for detecting advanced occlusal caries Conventional meta-analysis (all studies) In the conventional (all-studies) meta-analysis, the positive lr of radiographic detection for advanced occlusal caries was 4.9 (95% CI 3.7 to 6.5) (ungraded). Source: Table 3 · same question in other reviews | Positive LR 4.9 [3.7, 6.5] | 44 studies | Ungraded |
Specificity for detecting advanced occlusal caries Conventional meta-analysis (all studies) In the conventional (all-studies) meta-analysis, pooled specificity of radiographic detection for advanced occlusal caries was 89.3% (95% CI 86 to 92) (ungraded). Source: Table 2 · same question in other reviews | Specificity 89.3 [86, 92] | 44 studies | Ungraded |
PPV for detecting advanced occlusal caries Tailored to Germany In the German private-practice setting, the positive predictive value of radiographic detection for advanced occlusal caries was 39.5% at an assumed prevalence of 10.0% (ungraded). Source: Table 4; Results (PPV/NPV paragraph) · same question in other reviews | PPV 39.5 | 36 studies | Ungraded |
NPV for detecting advanced occlusal caries Tailored to Germany In the German private-practice setting, the negative predictive value of radiographic detection for advanced occlusal caries was 94.3% at an assumed prevalence of 10.0% (ungraded). Source: Table 5; Results (PPV/NPV paragraph) · same question in other reviews | NPV 94.3 | 36 studies | Ungraded |
Specificity for detecting advanced occlusal caries Tailored to Egypt In the meta-analysis tailored to Egypt, pooled specificity of radiographic detection for advanced occlusal caries was 89.1% (95% CI 86 to 92) (ungraded). Source: Table 2 · same question in other reviews | Specificity 89.1 [86, 92] | 38 studies | Ungraded |
Sensitivity for detecting advanced occlusal caries Tailored to Germany In the meta-analysis tailored to Germany, pooled sensitivity of radiographic detection for advanced occlusal caries was 50.8% (95% CI 43 to 59) (ungraded). Source: Table 2 · same question in other reviews | Sensitivity 50.8 [43, 59] | 36 studies | Ungraded |
Radiographic caries detection (bitewing radiography) vs Reference standard (histological validation or cavity/lesion opening; advanced = cavitated/dentin-involved lesions, all = enamel-confined initial lesions also counted)
Population: Occlusal surfaces of permanent molars (demonstrated in 12-14 year-olds; underlying diagnostic accuracy studies, mostly in vitro)
| Outcome | Effect | Evidence | Status / GRADE |
|---|---|---|---|
NPV for detecting all (initial and advanced) occlusal caries Tailored to Germany In the German private-practice setting, the negative predictive value of radiographic detection for all (initial and advanced) occlusal caries was 91.4% at an assumed prevalence of 11.0% (ungraded). Source: Table 5; Results (PPV/NPV paragraph) · same question in other reviews | NPV 91.4 | 9 studies | Ungraded |
Specificity for detecting all (initial and advanced) occlusal caries Tailored to Germany In the meta-analysis tailored to Germany, pooled specificity of radiographic detection for all (initial and advanced) occlusal caries was 84.8% (95% CI 77 to 90) (ungraded). Source: Table 2 · same question in other reviews | Specificity 84.8 [77, 90] | 9 studies | Ungraded |
Negative LR for detecting all (initial and advanced) occlusal caries Tailored to Egypt In the meta-analysis tailored to Egypt, the negative lr of radiographic detection for all (initial and advanced) occlusal caries was 0.75 (95% CI 0.6 to 0.94) (ungraded). Source: Table 3 · same question in other reviews | Negative LR 0.75 [0.6, 0.94] | 11 studies | Ungraded |
Specificity for detecting all (initial and advanced) occlusal caries Tailored to Egypt In the meta-analysis tailored to Egypt, pooled specificity of radiographic detection for all (initial and advanced) occlusal caries was 80.4% (95% CI 72 to 87) (ungraded). Source: Table 2 · same question in other reviews | Specificity 80.4 [72, 87] | 11 studies | Ungraded |
PPV for detecting all (initial and advanced) occlusal caries Tailored to Germany In the German private-practice setting, the positive predictive value of radiographic detection for all (initial and advanced) occlusal caries was 22.6% at an assumed prevalence of 11.0% (ungraded). Source: Table 4; Results (PPV/NPV paragraph) · same question in other reviews | PPV 22.6 | 9 studies | Ungraded |
Negative LR for detecting all (initial and advanced) occlusal caries Conventional meta-analysis (all studies) In the conventional (all-studies) meta-analysis, the negative lr of radiographic detection for all (initial and advanced) occlusal caries was 0.79 (95% CI 0.65 to 0.96) (ungraded). Source: Table 3 · same question in other reviews | Negative LR 0.79 [0.65, 0.96] | 14 studies | Ungraded |
Positive LR for detecting all (initial and advanced) occlusal caries Tailored to Germany In the meta-analysis tailored to Germany, the positive lr of radiographic detection for all (initial and advanced) occlusal caries was 2.36 (95% CI 1.4 to 4.1) (ungraded). Source: Table 3 · same question in other reviews | Positive LR 2.36 [1.4, 4.1] | 9 studies | Ungraded |
Sensitivity for detecting all (initial and advanced) occlusal caries Tailored to Germany In the meta-analysis tailored to Germany, pooled sensitivity of radiographic detection for all (initial and advanced) occlusal caries was 36.0% (95% CI 20 to 56) (ungraded). Source: Table 2 · same question in other reviews | Sensitivity 36.0 [20, 56] | 9 studies | Ungraded |
Sensitivity for detecting all (initial and advanced) occlusal caries Conventional meta-analysis (all studies) In the conventional (all-studies) meta-analysis, pooled sensitivity of radiographic detection for all (initial and advanced) occlusal caries was 38.6% (95% CI 25 to 54) (ungraded). Source: Table 2 · same question in other reviews | Sensitivity 38.6 [25, 54] | 14 studies | Ungraded |
Negative LR for detecting all (initial and advanced) occlusal caries Tailored to Germany In the meta-analysis tailored to Germany, the negative lr of radiographic detection for all (initial and advanced) occlusal caries was 0.76 (95% CI 0.58 to 0.99) (ungraded). Source: Table 3 · same question in other reviews | Negative LR 0.76 [0.58, 0.99] | 9 studies | Ungraded |
Positive LR for detecting all (initial and advanced) occlusal caries Conventional meta-analysis (all studies) In the conventional (all-studies) meta-analysis, the positive lr of radiographic detection for all (initial and advanced) occlusal caries was 1.74 (95% CI 1.3 to 2.4) (ungraded). Source: Table 3 · same question in other reviews | Positive LR 1.74 [1.3, 2.4] | 14 studies | Ungraded |
Positive LR for detecting all (initial and advanced) occlusal caries Tailored to Egypt In the meta-analysis tailored to Egypt, the positive lr of radiographic detection for all (initial and advanced) occlusal caries was 2.02 (95% CI 1.4 to 2.9) (ungraded). Source: Table 3 · same question in other reviews | Positive LR 2.02 [1.4, 2.9] | 11 studies | Ungraded |
PPV for detecting all (initial and advanced) occlusal caries Tailored to Egypt In the Egyptian public health clinic setting, the positive predictive value of radiographic detection for all (initial and advanced) occlusal caries was 32.1% at an assumed prevalence of 19.0% (ungraded). Source: Table 4; Results (PPV/NPV paragraph) · same question in other reviews | PPV 32.1 | 11 studies | Ungraded |
Sensitivity for detecting all (initial and advanced) occlusal caries Tailored to Egypt In the meta-analysis tailored to Egypt, pooled sensitivity of radiographic detection for all (initial and advanced) occlusal caries was 39.7% (95% CI 25 to 56) (ungraded). Source: Table 2 · same question in other reviews | Sensitivity 39.7 [25, 56] | 11 studies | Ungraded |
Specificity for detecting all (initial and advanced) occlusal caries Conventional meta-analysis (all studies) In the conventional (all-studies) meta-analysis, pooled specificity of radiographic detection for all (initial and advanced) occlusal caries was 77.8% (95% CI 70 to 84) (ungraded). Source: Table 2 · same question in other reviews | Specificity 77.8 [70, 84] | 14 studies | Ungraded |
NPV for detecting all (initial and advanced) occlusal caries Tailored to Egypt In the Egyptian public health clinic setting, the negative predictive value of radiographic detection for all (initial and advanced) occlusal caries was 85.0% at an assumed prevalence of 19.0% (ungraded). Source: Table 5; Results (PPV/NPV paragraph) · same question in other reviews | NPV 85.0 | 11 studies | Ungraded |
Radiographic caries detection (bitewing radiography) vs Reference standard (histological validation or cavity/lesion opening; advanced = cavitated/dentin-involved lesions, all = enamel-confined initial lesions also counted)
Population: Proximal surfaces of permanent molars (demonstrated in 12-14 year-olds; underlying diagnostic accuracy studies, mostly in vitro)
| Outcome | Effect | Evidence | Status / GRADE |
|---|---|---|---|
Sensitivity for detecting advanced proximal caries Tailored to Egypt In the meta-analysis tailored to Egypt, pooled sensitivity of radiographic detection for advanced proximal caries was 44.4% (95% CI 38 to 51) (ungraded). Source: Table 2 · same question in other reviews | Sensitivity 44.4 [38, 51] | 22 studies | Ungraded |
Advanced proximal carious lesions Tailored meta-analysis (Egypt) Population: Permanent molar surfaces in diagnostic accuracy studies (mostly in vitro; clinical) Pooled specificity for radiographic detection of advanced proximal lesions was 0.955 (95% CI 0.94 to 0.97). Source: Table 2 · same question in other reviews | Specificity 95.5 [94, 97] | 22 studies | Ungraded |
Advanced proximal carious lesions Conventional meta-analysis (all studies) Population: Permanent molar surfaces in diagnostic accuracy studies (mostly in vitro; clinical) Pooled specificity for radiographic detection of advanced proximal lesions was 0.955 (95% CI 0.94 to 0.97). Source: Table 2 · same question in other reviews | Specificity 95.5 [94, 97] | 22 studies | Ungraded |
Positive LR for detecting advanced proximal caries Conventional meta-analysis (all studies) In the conventional (all-studies) meta-analysis, the positive lr of radiographic detection for advanced proximal caries was 9.82 (95% CI 7.3 to 13.3) (ungraded). Source: Table 3 · same question in other reviews | Positive LR 9.82 [7.3, 13.3] | 22 studies | Ungraded |
Positive LR for detecting advanced proximal caries Tailored to Germany In the meta-analysis tailored to Germany, the positive lr of radiographic detection for advanced proximal caries was 9.82 (95% CI 7.3 to 13.3) (ungraded). Source: Table 3 · same question in other reviews | Positive LR 9.82 [7.3, 13.3] | 22 studies | Ungraded |
Specificity for detecting advanced proximal caries Tailored to Egypt In the meta-analysis tailored to Egypt, pooled specificity of radiographic detection for advanced proximal caries was 95.5% (95% CI 94 to 97) (ungraded). Source: Table 2 · same question in other reviews | Specificity 95.5 [94, 97] | 22 studies | Ungraded |
Negative LR for detecting advanced proximal caries Conventional meta-analysis (all studies) In the conventional (all-studies) meta-analysis, the negative lr of radiographic detection for advanced proximal caries was 0.58 (95% CI 0.52 to 0.65) (ungraded). Source: Table 3 · same question in other reviews | Negative LR 0.58 [0.52, 0.65] | 22 studies | Ungraded |
Advanced proximal carious lesions Conventional meta-analysis (all studies) Population: Permanent molar surfaces in diagnostic accuracy studies (mostly in vitro; clinical) Pooled positive lr for radiographic detection of advanced proximal lesions was 9.82 (95% CI 7.3 to 13.3). Source: Table 3 · same question in other reviews | Positive LR 9.82 [7.3, 13.3] | 22 studies | Ungraded |
Positive LR for detecting advanced proximal caries Tailored to Egypt In the meta-analysis tailored to Egypt, the positive lr of radiographic detection for advanced proximal caries was 9.82 (95% CI 7.3 to 13.3) (ungraded). Source: Table 3 · same question in other reviews | Positive LR 9.82 [7.3, 13.3] | 22 studies | Ungraded |
Advanced proximal carious lesions Tailored meta-analysis (Egypt) Population: Permanent molar surfaces in diagnostic accuracy studies (mostly in vitro; clinical) Pooled negative lr for radiographic detection of advanced proximal lesions was 0.58 (95% CI 0.52 to 0.65). Source: Table 3 · same question in other reviews | Negative LR 0.58 [0.52, 0.65] | 22 studies | Ungraded |
Advanced proximal carious lesions Conventional meta-analysis (all studies) Population: Permanent molar surfaces in diagnostic accuracy studies (mostly in vitro; clinical) Pooled sensitivity for radiographic detection of advanced proximal lesions was 0.444 (95% CI 0.38 to 0.51). Source: Table 2 · same question in other reviews | Sensitivity 44.4 [38, 51] | 22 studies | Ungraded |
Advanced proximal carious lesions Conventional meta-analysis (all studies) Population: Permanent molar surfaces in diagnostic accuracy studies (mostly in vitro; clinical) Pooled negative lr for radiographic detection of advanced proximal lesions was 0.58 (95% CI 0.52 to 0.65). Source: Table 3 · same question in other reviews | Negative LR 0.58 [0.52, 0.65] | 22 studies | Ungraded |
Negative LR for detecting advanced proximal caries Tailored to Egypt In the meta-analysis tailored to Egypt, the negative lr of radiographic detection for advanced proximal caries was 0.58 (95% CI 0.52 to 0.65) (ungraded). Source: Table 3 · same question in other reviews | Negative LR 0.58 [0.52, 0.65] | 22 studies | Ungraded |
Specificity for detecting advanced proximal caries Conventional meta-analysis (all studies) In the conventional (all-studies) meta-analysis, pooled specificity of radiographic detection for advanced proximal caries was 95.5% (95% CI 94 to 97) (ungraded). Source: Table 2 · same question in other reviews | Specificity 95.5 [94, 97] | 22 studies | Ungraded |
Sensitivity for detecting advanced proximal caries Conventional meta-analysis (all studies) In the conventional (all-studies) meta-analysis, pooled sensitivity of radiographic detection for advanced proximal caries was 44.4% (95% CI 38 to 51) (ungraded). Source: Table 2 · same question in other reviews | Sensitivity 44.4 [38, 51] | 22 studies | Ungraded |
Sensitivity for detecting advanced proximal caries Tailored to Germany In the meta-analysis tailored to Germany, pooled sensitivity of radiographic detection for advanced proximal caries was 44.4% (95% CI 38 to 51) (ungraded). Source: Table 2 · same question in other reviews | Sensitivity 44.4 [38, 51] | 22 studies | Ungraded |
Negative LR for detecting advanced proximal caries Tailored to Germany In the meta-analysis tailored to Germany, the negative lr of radiographic detection for advanced proximal caries was 0.58 (95% CI 0.52 to 0.65) (ungraded). Source: Table 3 · same question in other reviews | Negative LR 0.58 [0.52, 0.65] | 22 studies | Ungraded |
Specificity for detecting advanced proximal caries Tailored to Germany In the meta-analysis tailored to Germany, pooled specificity of radiographic detection for advanced proximal caries was 95.5% (95% CI 94 to 97) (ungraded). Source: Table 2 · same question in other reviews | Specificity 95.5 [94, 97] | 22 studies | Ungraded |
Advanced proximal carious lesions Tailored meta-analysis (Egypt) Population: Permanent molar surfaces in diagnostic accuracy studies (mostly in vitro; clinical) Pooled sensitivity for radiographic detection of advanced proximal lesions was 0.444 (95% CI 0.38 to 0.51). Source: Table 2 · same question in other reviews | Sensitivity 44.4 [38, 51] | 22 studies | Ungraded |
Advanced proximal carious lesions Tailored meta-analysis (Egypt) Population: Permanent molar surfaces in diagnostic accuracy studies (mostly in vitro; clinical) Pooled positive lr for radiographic detection of advanced proximal lesions was 9.82 (95% CI 7.3 to 13.3). Source: Table 3 · same question in other reviews | Positive LR 9.82 [7.3, 13.3] | 22 studies | Ungraded |
Radiographic caries detection vs Reference standard (often histological; also invasive opening)
Population: Permanent molar surfaces in diagnostic accuracy studies (mostly in vitro; clinical)
| Outcome | Effect | Evidence | Status / GRADE |
|---|---|---|---|
All proximal carious lesions Conventional meta-analysis (all studies) Pooled specificity for radiographic detection of all proximal lesions was 0.900 (95% CI 0.87 to 0.92). Source: Table 2 · same question in other reviews | Specificity 90.0 [87, 92] | 38 studies | Ungraded |
Negative LR for detecting all (initial and advanced) proximal caries Conventional meta-analysis (all studies) Population: Proximal surfaces of permanent molars (demonstrated in 12-14 year-olds; underlying diagnostic accuracy studies, mostly in vitro) In the conventional (all-studies) meta-analysis, the negative lr of radiographic detection for all (initial and advanced) proximal caries was 0.63 (95% CI 0.56 to 0.72) (ungraded). Source: Table 3 · same question in other reviews | Negative LR 0.63 [0.56, 0.72] | 38 studies | Ungraded |
Negative LR for detecting all (initial and advanced) proximal caries Tailored to Egypt Population: Proximal surfaces of permanent molars (demonstrated in 12-14 year-olds; underlying diagnostic accuracy studies, mostly in vitro) In the meta-analysis tailored to Egypt, the negative lr of radiographic detection for all (initial and advanced) proximal caries was 0.65 (95% CI 0.57 to 0.74) (ungraded). Source: Table 3 · same question in other reviews | Negative LR 0.65 [0.57, 0.74] | 31 studies | Ungraded |
Specificity for detecting all (initial and advanced) proximal caries Tailored to Germany Population: Proximal surfaces of permanent molars (demonstrated in 12-14 year-olds; underlying diagnostic accuracy studies, mostly in vitro) In the meta-analysis tailored to Germany, pooled specificity of radiographic detection for all (initial and advanced) proximal caries was 91.7% (95% CI 90 to 93) (ungraded). Source: Table 2 · same question in other reviews | Specificity 91.7 [90, 93] | 34 studies | Ungraded |
Negative LR for detecting all (initial and advanced) proximal caries Tailored to Germany Population: Proximal surfaces of permanent molars (demonstrated in 12-14 year-olds; underlying diagnostic accuracy studies, mostly in vitro) In the meta-analysis tailored to Germany, the negative lr of radiographic detection for all (initial and advanced) proximal caries was 0.65 (95% CI 0.57 to 0.73) (ungraded). Source: Table 3 · same question in other reviews | Negative LR 0.65 [0.57, 0.73] | 34 studies | Ungraded |
Positive LR for detecting all (initial and advanced) proximal caries Tailored to Germany Population: Proximal surfaces of permanent molars (demonstrated in 12-14 year-olds; underlying diagnostic accuracy studies, mostly in vitro) In the meta-analysis tailored to Germany, the positive lr of radiographic detection for all (initial and advanced) proximal caries was 4.89 (95% CI 3.9 to 6.2) (ungraded). Source: Table 3 · same question in other reviews | Positive LR 4.89 [3.9, 6.2] | 34 studies | Ungraded |
Sensitivity for detecting all (initial and advanced) proximal caries Tailored to Egypt Population: Proximal surfaces of permanent molars (demonstrated in 12-14 year-olds; underlying diagnostic accuracy studies, mostly in vitro) In the meta-analysis tailored to Egypt, pooled sensitivity of radiographic detection for all (initial and advanced) proximal caries was 40.2% (95% CI 32 to 48) (ungraded). Source: Table 2 · same question in other reviews | Sensitivity 40.2 [32, 48] | 31 studies | Ungraded |
Positive LR for detecting all (initial and advanced) proximal caries Conventional meta-analysis (all studies) Population: Proximal surfaces of permanent molars (demonstrated in 12-14 year-olds; underlying diagnostic accuracy studies, mostly in vitro) In the conventional (all-studies) meta-analysis, the positive lr of radiographic detection for all (initial and advanced) proximal caries was 4.3 (95% CI 3.4 to 5.5) (ungraded). Source: Table 3 · same question in other reviews | Positive LR 4.3 [3.4, 5.5] | 38 studies | Ungraded |
Specificity for detecting all (initial and advanced) proximal caries Conventional meta-analysis (all studies) Population: Proximal surfaces of permanent molars (demonstrated in 12-14 year-olds; underlying diagnostic accuracy studies, mostly in vitro) In the conventional (all-studies) meta-analysis, pooled specificity of radiographic detection for all (initial and advanced) proximal caries was 90.0% (95% CI 87 to 92) (ungraded). Source: Table 2 · same question in other reviews | Specificity 90.0 [87, 92] | 38 studies | Ungraded |
Sensitivity for detecting all (initial and advanced) proximal caries Conventional meta-analysis (all studies) Population: Proximal surfaces of permanent molars (demonstrated in 12-14 year-olds; underlying diagnostic accuracy studies, mostly in vitro) In the conventional (all-studies) meta-analysis, pooled sensitivity of radiographic detection for all (initial and advanced) proximal caries was 43.2% (95% CI 36 to 51) (ungraded). Source: Table 2 · same question in other reviews | Sensitivity 43.2 [36, 51] | 38 studies | Ungraded |
Sensitivity for detecting all (initial and advanced) proximal caries Tailored to Germany Population: Proximal surfaces of permanent molars (demonstrated in 12-14 year-olds; underlying diagnostic accuracy studies, mostly in vitro) In the meta-analysis tailored to Germany, pooled sensitivity of radiographic detection for all (initial and advanced) proximal caries was 40.5% (95% CI 33 to 48) (ungraded). Source: Table 2 · same question in other reviews | Sensitivity 40.5 [33, 48] | 34 studies | Ungraded |
Specificity for detecting all (initial and advanced) proximal caries Tailored to Egypt Population: Proximal surfaces of permanent molars (demonstrated in 12-14 year-olds; underlying diagnostic accuracy studies, mostly in vitro) In the meta-analysis tailored to Egypt, pooled specificity of radiographic detection for all (initial and advanced) proximal caries was 92.5% (95% CI 91 to 94) (ungraded). Source: Table 2 · same question in other reviews | Specificity 92.5 [91, 94] | 31 studies | Ungraded |
Positive LR for detecting all (initial and advanced) proximal caries Tailored to Egypt Population: Proximal surfaces of permanent molars (demonstrated in 12-14 year-olds; underlying diagnostic accuracy studies, mostly in vitro) In the meta-analysis tailored to Egypt, the positive lr of radiographic detection for all (initial and advanced) proximal caries was 5.34 (95% CI 4.2 to 6.8) (ungraded). Source: Table 3 · same question in other reviews | Positive LR 5.34 [4.2, 6.8] | 31 studies | Ungraded |
Included primary studies 2
Open as a trial list| Study | Also included by | Outcomes it informs here | Trial PICO | Results |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Gimenez 2015 Visual Inspection for Caries Detection DOI:10.1177/0022034515586763 | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet | not extracted yet |
| Schwendicke 2015 Radiographic caries detection: A systematic review and meta-analysis DOI:10.1016/j.jdent.2015.02.009 | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet | not extracted yet |