Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

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Evidence found and GRADE certainty

4,320 questions · 4,561 findings · 388 reviews

No studies found 1,138 · 25%GRADE not reported 886 · 19.4%Very low 1,014 · 22.2%Low 849 · 18.6%Moderate 543 · 11.9%High 131 · 2.9%

'As needed' administration (e.g. based on pain scales) vs 'as scheduled' administration (e.g. a predefined time interval)

Major neurodevelopmental disability in children aged 18 to 24 months or three to five years old ‐ not reported · postoperative pain in neonates

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Adenoidectomy and unilateral ventilation tube vs unilateral ventilation tube only

Presence/persistence of OME · children aged 6 months to 12 years with otitis media with effusion (OME)

It is very uncertain whether adenoidectomy and unilateral ventilation tube changes presence or persistence of OME (3 years ‐ long‐term) № of… compared with unilateral ventilation tube only (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Adenoidectomy and ventilation tubes vs watchful waiting

Presence/persistence of OME · children aged 6 months to 12 years with otitis media with effusion (OME)

It is very uncertain whether adenoidectomy and ventilation tubes changes presence/persistence of OME (at 2 years ‐ long‐term) № of… compared with no treatment/watchful waiting (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Adenoidectomy (with or without myringotomy) vs watchful waiting

Specific adverse events: haemorrhage · children aged 6 months to 12 years with otitis media with effusion (OME)

Adenoidectomy (with or without myringotomy) probably leads to higher adverse event: haemorrhage № of participants: 480(1 RCT) compared with no treatment/watchful waiting (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Adenoidectomy and bilateral ventilation tubes vs bilateral ventilation tubes only

Specific adverse events: haemorrhage · children aged 6 months to 12 years with otitis media with effusion (OME)

Adenoidectomy and bilateral ventilation tubes showed no clear difference in adverse event: haemorrhage № of participants: 791(2 RCTs) compared with bilateral ventilation tubes only (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Intervention not reported

Anthropometric recovery: percentage of children who recover from moderate or severe wasting Defined as % children aged 6–59 months who recovered in treatment programmes for moderate or severe malnutrition (Wroe 2021) · children aged > 6 months and ≤ 5 years with wasting
1 finding from 1 review

Intervention not reported

Treatment coverage Defined as proportion of children with SAM who receive treatment (number of children treated from baseline to endline; Wilunda 2021)e · children aged > 6 months and < 5 years with wasting

It is very uncertain whether the intervention changes treatment coverage Defined as proportion of children with SAM who… (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Dextrose gel vs control

Major neurological disability at 2 years of age (Defined as any of the following: legal blindness, sensorineural deafness requiring hearing aids, moderate or severe cerebral palsy or developmental delay/intellectual impairment (developmental quoti... · newborn infants with hypoglycaemia

Oral dextrose gel showed no clear difference in major neurological disability at age 2 years or olderb Defined as… compared with control (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Cervical pull headgear vs Minor interceptive procedures (control)

Amount of crowding (lower incisor crowding) at 10 weeks · Children or adolescents (aged 16 years old or under) receiving orthodontic treatment to prevent or correct crowded teeth

It is very uncertain whether cervical pull headgear changes amount of crowding (lower incisor crowding) at 2 years compared with minor interceptive procedures (control) (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Cervical pull headgear vs Minor interceptive procedures (control)

Position of the incisors (upper incisor inclination) · Children or adolescents (aged 16 years old or under) receiving orthodontic treatment to prevent or correct crowded teeth

Cervical pull headgear led to higher upper incisors to maxilla at 2 years compared with minor interceptive procedures (control); GRADE not reported.

1 finding from 1 review

Extraction of third molars (wisdom teeth) vs No active treatment (control)

Amount of crowding · Children or adolescents (aged 16 years old or under) receiving orthodontic treatment to prevent or correct crowded teeth

It is very uncertain whether extraction of third molars (wisdom teeth) changes amount of crowding (Little's Irregularity Index, change) at 5 years compared with no active treatment (control) (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Bilateral lateral rectus recession vs lateral rectus recession and medial rectus resection

Motor alignment at near Change in exotropia control at near fixation, measured from baseline to 3 years using the prism and alternate cover test · people with intermittent exotropia, aged 3 to < 11 years

Bilateral lateral rectus recession showed no clear difference in motor alignment at near Change in exotropia control at near… compared with unilateral lateral rectus recession with medial rectus resection (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Patching vs active observation

Stereoacuity at distance Loss of ≥ 2 octaves near stereoacuity Measured using the Preschool Randot test 3 years after surgery · people with intermittent exotropia, aged less than 11 years

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review