Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

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Evidence found and GRADE certainty

331 questions · 361 findings · 55 reviews · Headline outcomes only

No studies found 61 · 16.9%GRADE not reported 15 · 4.2%Very low 81 · 22.4%Low 123 · 34.1%Moderate 59 · 16.3%High 22 · 6.1%

Targeted mass media intervention vs targeted mass media intervention plus personalised content

Knowledge of nutrition and physical activity guidelines · adult, ethnic minority groups: Latino immigrants, elderly Chinese immigrants, self‐described Americans of African heritage

It is very uncertain whether targeted mass media intervention changes knowledge of nutrition and physical activity guidelines compared with targeted mass media intervention plus personalised content (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Mosaicplasty vs microfracture

Activity · Adults with isolated cartilage defects (defect areas 1.0 cm2 to 6.0 cm2) of the knee

It is very uncertain whether mosaicplasty changes activity: intermediate term (1 to 5 years compared with microfracture (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Mosaicplasty vs microfracture

Activity: long term (5 or more years · Adults with isolated cartilage defects (defect areas 1.0 cm2 to 6.0 cm2) of the knee

It is very uncertain whether mosaicplasty changes activity: long term (5 or more years compared with microfracture (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Intervention not reported

Return to activity or level of sport at 2 years · Adults with acute anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injuries (young, active individuals)

The intervention showed no clear difference in return to activity or level of sport at 2 years (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Summary of findings for the main comparisons: Agonist pharmacological vs no intervention

Criminal activity ‐ Re‐incarceration · drug‐using offenders

Summary of findings for the main comparisons: Agonist pharmacological showed no clear difference in criminal activity dichotomous ‐ Re‐incarceration official records compared with no intervention (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

naltrexone vs no pharmacological

Criminal activity dichotomous ‐ Reincarceration official records · patients with drug‐using offenders

Summary of findings for the main comparisons: Antagonost (Naltrexone) probably leads to lower criminal activity dichotomous ‐ Reincarceration official records compared with no pharmacological (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review