Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

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Evidence found and GRADE certainty

3,556 questions · 10,375 findings · 429 reviews · Oral Health

No studies found 1,344 · 13%GRADE not reported 6,832 · 65.9%Very low 1,228 · 11.8%Low 613 · 5.9%Moderate 290 · 2.8%High 68 · 0.7%

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Any preprocedural mouth rinse vs Placebo, no rinsing or control

Acceptability and feasibility of the intervention to patients and dental healthcare providers · People undergoing aerosol-generating procedures (AGPs) in a dental setting

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Antiretroviral therapy (any, including cART) vs No antiretroviral medication (treatment-naive)

Recurrent oral ulceration prevalence · Children and adolescents (<18 years) living with HIV (CLWH)

No significant difference in recurrent oral ulceration between CLWH with and without ART (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Traditional screening (referral card given if the inspecting dentist judges the child needs to see a dentist) vs No screening

Malocclusion or orthodontic treatment needs measured by any validated index · School children (aged 4 to 15 years), primary and secondary schools in the UK and India

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Responsive complementary feeding (RCF) / other caregivers' feeding practices vs Other models of complementary feeding (traditional/non-responsive CF)

Hypertension (later in life) · Healthy, term-born, normal-birth-weight infants aged 4-24 months (breastfed and/or formula-fed) in Western industrialized countries

No eligible studies examined the influence of complementary feeding practices on later hypertension; this is an evidence gap.

1 finding from 1 review

Adaptive dragonfly algorithm with neural-network classifier vs KNN or SVM (not disaggregated in source)

Accuracy advantage in test case 2 · Dental images of human beings

The review reported a 52% accuracy advantage in Patil test case 2 (Ungraded).

2 findings from 1 review

Chlorhexidine rinse (0.2%) pre- and post-extraction vs Chlorhexidine rinse (0.2%) post-extraction only

Presence of dry socket · Adults (>18 years) having permanent tooth extraction (predominantly mandibular third molars)

Chlorhexidine rinse (0.2%) pre- and post-extraction showed no clear difference in presence of dry socket compared with chlorhexidine rinse (0.2%) post-extraction only; GRADE not reported.

1 finding from 1 review

Dental caries assessment (WHO/clinical diagnostic criteria; caries = DMFT>0) vs None (descriptive prevalence; random-effects pooled proportion)

Dental caries prevalence · Children (deciduous and/or permanent dentition) in low- and middle-income countries

About 39% of children in LMICs had dental caries (pooled prevalence 0.387, 95% CI 0.284 to 0.495; 11 studies; very high heterogeneity I2=99%; not GRADE-rated).

1 finding from 1 review

Maternal education attainment vs Not applicable (single-group prevalence)

No formal maternal education prevalence (among children with caries) · Children with dental caries (deciduous and/or permanent dentition) in low- and middle-income countries

About 10% of children with caries in LMICs had mothers with no formal education (pooled prevalence 0.101, 95% CI 0.033 to 0.201; 3 studies; not GRADE-rated).

1 finding from 1 review

Ion-releasing restoration (glass ionomer-based and compomer/polyacid-modified composite) vs Resin composite restoration

Secondary caries (caries around restorations), load-bearing cavities · Patients with permanent dentition in need of restorations in load-bearing cavities (Class I/II posterior)

In load-bearing cavities, ion-releasing (GIC and compomer) and resin composite restorations show no significant difference in secondary caries (RD -0.00, 95% CI -0.01 to 0.01; not GRADE-rated).

1 finding from 1 review

Fluoride-free nano-hydroxyapatite (nHA) dentifrice/paste vs Sodium fluoride (control) toothpaste

Mineral loss (transversal microradiography) · Enamel/dentin specimens with initial caries lesions (or sound surfaces) in intraoral (in situ) appliances worn by patients

Under demineralizing conditions, nHA allowed significantly more enamel demineralization than NaF (MD 1625, 95% CI 553 to 2697; very low certainty).

2 findings from 1 review

Combined antiretroviral therapy (cART) vs Monotherapy or dual antiretroviral therapy

Linear gingival erythema prevalence · Children and adolescents (<18 years) living with HIV (CLWH)

No significant difference in linear gingival erythema between ART regimens (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Resin-modified glass ionomer cement for bonding orthodontic brackets vs Compomer and composite resin

Restoration failure · Children with carious primary teeth

No comparative effect estimate was reported; failure rates were tabulated by arm.

1 finding from 1 review

Full-mouth disinfection (FMD): scaling/root planing (subgingival instrumentation) of all quadrants within 24 hours plus adjunctive antiseptic (chlorhexidine) treatments (rinsing, pocket irrigation, tongue/tonsil brushing) vs Quadrant scaling and root planing (control): SRP of each quadrant in separate sessions at least one week apart

Change in bleeding on probing (BOP) · Adults with a clinical diagnosis of (chronic) periodontitis (1999 classification); studies of aggressive periodontitis, systemic disorders…

It is very uncertain whether full-mouth disinfection (FMD): scaling/root planing (subgingival… changes change in bleeding on probing (BOP) compared with quadrant scaling and root planing (control): SRP of each quadrant in… (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Living with HIV and undergoing antiretroviral therapy (ART/HAART) vs Healthy HIV-negative controls

Persistent parotid enlargement (WHO clinical stage 2) · Children or adolescents

No significant difference in persistent parotid enlargement between groups (OR 10.36, 95% CI 0.53 to 201.45; single study, very imprecise).

1 finding from 1 review

Antiretroviral therapy (any, including cART) vs No antiretroviral medication (treatment-naive)

Oral hairy leukoplakia prevalence · Children and adolescents (<18 years) living with HIV (CLWH)

No significant difference in oral hairy leukoplakia between CLWH with and without ART (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Common genetic variants genome-wide (GWAS; ~3.9 million SNPs with MAF > 5%) vs ECC-unaffected children (per-allele case-control association)

Early childhood caries (ECC) - association at lead SNP rs7325099 (13:28104496; nearest gene(s) LNX2, POLR1D, RPL21) · Children up to age 5-6 years (European / European non-Hispanic ancestry); 843 ECC-affected vs 2124 unaffected across 5 cohorts (N=2974)

The common variant rs7325099 near LNX2, POLR1D, RPL21 showed suggestive (not genome-wide significant) association with ECC (Z = 4.485, p = 7.28e-6); genetic association, ungraded.

1 finding from 1 review

Silver diamine fluoride (SDF; 30% or 38%) vs No treatment or another non-invasive/minimally-invasive treatment (ART, sodium fluoride or silver-based varnish, or 12% SDF)

Caries arrest · Children (age 1-10 years) with active cavitated dentin caries lesions in primary molars

SDF is effective in arresting caries progression in cavitated primary molars overall (pooled ES 0.33, 95% CI 0.26-0.40; ungraded).

1 finding from 1 review

Baby-Led Introduction to SolidS (BLISS) vs Traditional complementary feeding (TCF)

Overweight/obesity risk · Healthy, term-born, normal-birth-weight infants aged 4-24 months (breastfed and/or formula-fed) in Western industrialized countries

In RCTs, BLISS did not significantly change overweight/obesity risk versus traditional feeding (RR 0.15, 95% CI 0.00 to 17.79; low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review