Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

3,454 questions · 3,562 findings · 816 reviews · Headline outcomes only

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No studies found 538 · 15.1%GRADE not reported 239 · 6.7%Very low 933 · 26.2%Low 1,041 · 29.2%Moderate 612 · 17.2%High 199 · 5.6%

Prophylactic platelet transfusion prior to surgery vs alternative treatment

Mortality secondary to bleeding within 30 days of surgery – not reported · people with a low platelet count

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Prophylactic platelet transfusions prior to surgery for people with a low platelet count 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Low‐molecular‐weight heparins or heparinoids vs unfractionated heparin

Death from all causes during treatment (range 6 days to 16 days) · acute ischaemic stroke

Low‐molecular‐weight heparins or heparinoids showed no clear difference in death from all causes during treatment (range 6 days to 16 days) compared with unfractionated heparin (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Low‐molecular‐weight heparins or heparinoids versus standard unfractionated heparin for acute ischaemic stroke 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
OR 1.06 [0.78, 1.46]
8 studies · 3102 participants
Low

Low‐molecular‐weight heparins or heparinoids vs unfractionated heparin

Deep vein thrombosis · acute ischaemic stroke

Low‐molecular‐weight heparins or heparinoids may leads to lower deep vein thrombosis during treatment period (range 6 days to 16 days) compared with unfractionated heparin (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Low‐molecular‐weight heparins or heparinoids versus standard unfractionated heparin for acute ischaemic stroke 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
OR 0.55 [0.44, 0.7]
7 studies · 2585 participants
Low

Low‐molecular‐weight heparins or heparinoids vs unfractionated heparin

Pulmonary embolism · acute ischaemic stroke

Low‐molecular‐weight heparins or heparinoids showed no clear difference in pulmonary embolism during treatment period (range 6 days to 16 days) compared with unfractionated heparin (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Low‐molecular‐weight heparins or heparinoids versus standard unfractionated heparin for acute ischaemic stroke 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
OR 0.57 [0.23, 1.41]
6 studies · 1250 participants
Low

Low‐molecular‐weight heparins or heparinoids vs unfractionated heparin

Symptomatic intracranial haemorrhage/haemorrhagic transformation of the cerebral infarct during treatment period (range 6 days to 16 days)⁹ · acute ischaemic stroke

Low‐molecular‐weight heparins or heparinoids showed no clear difference in symptomatic intracranial haemorrhage/haemorrhagic transformation of… compared with unfractionated heparin (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Low‐molecular‐weight heparins or heparinoids versus standard unfractionated heparin for acute ischaemic stroke 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
OR 0.73 [0.35, 1.54]
8 studies · 3102 participants
Low

Glyceryl trinitrate (GTN) vs no GTN

Death or dependency · people with acute stroke

Glyceryl trinitrate (GTN) showed no clear difference in death or dependency (mRS>2), end of trial (90 days) compared with no GTN (high certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Nitric oxide donors (nitrates), L‐arginine, or nitric oxide synthase inhibitors for acute stroke 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
OR 0.97 [0.86, 1.1]
5 studies · 4195 participants
High

Glyceryl trinitrate (GTN) vs no GTN

Death by end of trial · people with acute stroke

Glyceryl trinitrate (GTN) showed no clear difference in death, end of trial (90 days) compared with no GTN (high certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Nitric oxide donors (nitrates), L‐arginine, or nitric oxide synthase inhibitors for acute stroke 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
OR 0.78 [0.4, 1.5]
5 studies · 4197 participants
High

Glyceryl trinitrate (GTN) vs no GTN

Quality of life, end of trial (90 days) · people with acute stroke

1 finding from 1 review

Nitric oxide donors (nitrates), L‐arginine, or nitric oxide synthase inhibitors for acute stroke 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
4 studies · 4088 participants
High

Glyceryl trinitrate (GTN) vs no GTN

Adverse effects: headache · people with acute stroke

Glyceryl trinitrate (GTN) leads to higher adverse event: Headache, on treatment (7‐12 days) compared with no GTN (high certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Nitric oxide donors (nitrates), L‐arginine, or nitric oxide synthase inhibitors for acute stroke 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
OR 2.37 [1.55, 3.62]
5 studies · 4186 participants
High

Intervention not reported

Change in total calories (Kcal/day): at 12 months · adults and children with cystic fibrosis

1 finding from 1 review

Oral calorie supplements for cystic fibrosis 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 58 participants
Low

Intervention not reported

Change in total protein (g/day): at 12 months · adults and children with cystic fibrosis

1 finding from 1 review

Oral calorie supplements for cystic fibrosis 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 58 participants
Low

Intervention not reported

Change in total fat (g/day): at 12 months · adults and children with cystic fibrosis

1 finding from 1 review

Oral calorie supplements for cystic fibrosis 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 58 participants
Low

Intervention not reported

Length of initial hospital stay (days) · people with stroke

The intervention probably leads to higher length of initial hospital stay (days) (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Early supported discharge services for people with acute stroke 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
16 studies · 2161 participants
Moderate

Inhaled NO vs control

Mortality before hospital discharge · respiratory failure in preterm infants

Inhaled NO showed no clear difference in death before discharge ‐ Studies with entry before 3 days based on… compared with control (high certainty).

2 findings from 1 review

Inhaled nitric oxide for respiratory failure in preterm infants 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 1.02 [0.89, 1.18]
10 studies · 1066 participants
High
Inhaled nitric oxide for respiratory failure in preterm infants 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 1.18 [0.81, 1.71]
3 studies · 1075 participants
High

Inhaled NO vs control

Neurodevelopmental disability · respiratory failure in preterm infants

Inhaled NO showed no clear difference in neurodevelopmental disability ‐ Studies with entry after 3 days… compared with control (moderate certainty).

2 findings from 1 review

Inhaled nitric oxide for respiratory failure in preterm infants 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.9 [0.74, 1.09]
2 studies · 498 participants
Moderate
Inhaled nitric oxide for respiratory failure in preterm infants 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 1.05 [0.78, 1.4]
2 studies · 208 participants
Moderate

Inhaled NO vs control

Death or bronchopulmonary dysplasia · respiratory failure in preterm infants

Inhaled NO showed no clear difference in death or bronchopulmonary dysplasia at 36 weeks ‐ Studies with entry… compared with control (high certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Inhaled nitric oxide for respiratory failure in preterm infants 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.94 [0.87, 1.01]
8 studies · 958 participants
High

Inhaled NO vs control

Death or bronchopulmonary dysplasia at 36 weeks PMA · respiratory failure in preterm infants

Inhaled NO showed no clear difference in death or bronchopulmonary dysplasia at 36 weeks ‐ Studies with entry… compared with control (high certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Inhaled nitric oxide for respiratory failure in preterm infants 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.92 [0.85, 1.01]
3 studies · 1075 participants
High

Inhaled NO vs control

Intraventricular haemorrhage, Papile grade 3/4 · respiratory failure in preterm infants

Inhaled NO showed no clear difference in intraventricular haemorrhage (grade 3 or 4) ‐ Studies with entry… compared with control (high certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Inhaled nitric oxide for respiratory failure in preterm infants 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 1.2 [0.98, 1.47]
6 studies · 773 participants
High

Low molecular weight heparin vs UFH

Incidence of recurrent VTE1 after initial treatment (up to 15 days) · patients with venous thromboembolism.

LMWH probably leads to lower incidence of recurrent VTE1 after initial treatment (up to 15 days) compared with UFH (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Fixed dose subcutaneous low molecular weight heparins versus adjusted dose unfractionated heparin for the initial… 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
OR 0.69 [0.49, 0.98]
18 studies · 6238 participants
Moderate

Low molecular weight heparin vs UFH

Major bleeding · patients with venous thromboembolism.

LMWH probably leads to lower incidence of major haemorrhagic episodes (during initial treatment ‐… compared with UFH (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Fixed dose subcutaneous low molecular weight heparins versus adjusted dose unfractionated heparin for the initial… 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
OR 0.69 [0.5, 0.95]
25 studies · 8780 participants
Moderate