Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

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Evidence found and GRADE certainty

1,155 questions · 1,191 findings · 195 reviews · Headline outcomes only

No studies found 209 · 17.5%GRADE not reported 51 · 4.3%Very low 256 · 21.5%Low 273 · 22.9%Moderate 284 · 23.8%High 118 · 9.9%

Aspirin plus antipsychotics vs placebo/no adjunctive treatment + antipsychotics

Adverse events: gastrointestinal – dyspeptic symptoms – self‐assessed as at least 'moderate' · patients with schizophrenia

It is very uncertain whether aspirin plus antipsychotics changes adverse events: gastrointestinal – dyspeptic symptoms –… compared with placebo plus antipsychotics (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Botulinum toxin plus conservative treatment vs conservative treatment

Recurrence of ITW post‐treatment Assessed by improvement in toe walking based on Gait Analysis Classification An increase indicates improvement (an improvement indicated by a change in downgrading of the severe or 3, moderate or 2, and mild or 1 c... · children with ITW gait
1 finding from 1 review

Intervention not reported

Moderate stunting Measured as height‐for‐age z score < −2 SD Measured at 12 months and 18 months of age · children aged 6 to 23 months

The intervention probably leads to lower moderate stunting Measured as height‐for‐age z score < −2 SD… (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Intervention not reported

Moderate wasting Measured as weight‐for‐height z score < −2 SD Measured at 12 months and 18 months of age · children aged 6 to 23 months

The intervention probably leads to lower moderate wasting Measured as weight‐for‐height z score < −2 SD… (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Intervention not reported

Moderate underweight Measured as weight‐for‐age z score < −2 SD Measured at 12 months and 18 months of age · children aged 6 to 23 months

The intervention probably leads to lower moderate underweight Measured as weight‐for‐age z score < −2 SD… (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Intervention not reported

Moderate stunting Measured as height‐for‐age z score < −2 SD Measured at 12, 18 and 24 months of age · children aged 6 to 23 months

The intervention probably leads to lower moderate stunting Measured as height‐for‐age z score < −2 SD… (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Intervention not reported

Moderate stunting Measured as height‐for‐age z score < −2 SD Measured at 12 months and 24 months of age · children aged 6 to 23 months

The intervention showed no clear difference in moderate stunting Measured as height‐for‐age z score < −2 SD… (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Intervention not reported

Moderate wasting Measured as weight‐for‐height z score < −2 SD Measured at 12 months and 24 months of age · children aged 6 to 23 months

The intervention showed no clear difference in moderate wasting Measured as weight‐for‐height z score < −2 SD… (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Intervention not reported

Moderate underweight Measured as weight‐for‐age z score < −2 SD Measured at 12 months and 24 months of age · children aged 6 to 23 months

The intervention probably leads to lower moderate underweight Measured as weight‐for‐age z score < −2 SD… (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Intervention not reported

Moderate wasting Measured as weight‐for‐height z score < −2 SD Measured at 12, 18 and 24 months of age · children aged 6 to 23 months

The intervention probably leads to lower moderate wasting Measured as weight‐for‐height z score < −2 SD… (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Intervention not reported

Moderate underweight Measured as weight‐for‐age z score < −2 SD Measured at 12, 18 and 24 months of age · children aged 6 to 23 months

The intervention probably leads to lower moderate underweight Measured as weight‐for‐age z score < −2 SD… (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Intervention not reported

Maternal pain score or pain measured in labour (Pain intensity at 1 hour (moderate or severe))
1 finding from 1 review

Absorbable vs non‐absorbable sutures

Postoperative pain: early pain (10 days postoperatively) VAS 0 to 10 Verbal reporting scale No pain‐mild pain‐moderate pain‐severe pain (converted to numerical scale (0 to 3, 3 to 6, 6 to 10)
2 findings from 1 review

Surgery plus whole brain radiotherapy (WBRT) vs stereotactic radiosurgery

Adverse events (moderate) · people with single or solitary brain metastasis

It is very uncertain whether surgery plus whole brain radiotherapy (WBRT) changes adverse events (moderate) compared with stereotactic radiosurgery (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Surgery plus whole brain radiotherapy (WBRT) vs stereotactic radiosurgery plus WBRT

Adverse events (moderate) · people with single or solitary brain metastasis

It is very uncertain whether surgery plus whole brain radiotherapy (WBRT) changes adverse events (moderate) compared with stereotactic radiosurgery plus WBRT (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

LABA/LAMA vs LABA plus inhaled corticosteroid (ICS)

Moderate to severe exacerbations: high‐risk population · chronic obstructive pulmonary disease with predicted FEV1 of less than 80%

LABA/LAMA showed no clear difference in moderate to severe exacerbations: high‐risk population compared with LABA/ICS (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review