Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

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Evidence found and GRADE certainty

448 questions · 458 findings · 246 reviews · Headline outcomes only

No studies found 74 · 16.2%GRADE not reported 13 · 2.8%Very low 119 · 26%Low 139 · 30.3%Moderate 86 · 18.8%High 27 · 5.9%

Intervention not reported

Serious adverse events for all placebos compared with wait‐list or no treatment (Spontaneous reporting of dichotomous outcomes) (Post‐treatment) · patients with mental health disorders

It is very uncertain whether the intervention changes serious adverse events for all placebos compared with wait‐list or… (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Intervention not reported

Non‐serious adverse events for all placebos compared with wait‐list or no treatment (Spontaneous reporting of dichotomous outcomes) (Post‐treatment) · patients with mental health disorders

It is very uncertain whether the intervention changes non‐serious adverse events for all placebos compared with wait‐list… (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Non‐absorbable disaccharides vs placebo or no intervention

Serious adverse events · prevention and treatment of hepatic encephalopathy in people with cirrhosis

Non‐absorbable disaccharides probably leads to lower serious adverse events compared with placebo/no intervention (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review