Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

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Evidence found and GRADE certainty

44 questions · 44 findings · 23 reviews

No studies found 4 · 9.1%GRADE not reported 3 · 6.8%Very low 12 · 27.3%Low 12 · 27.3%Moderate 9 · 20.5%High 4 · 9.1%

RBD‐specific polyclonal F(ab') 2 fragments of equine antibodies (EpAbs) vs saline placebo

Serious adverse events (by day 28) · individuals with moderate or severe COVID‐19

RBD‐specific polyclonal F(ab') 2 fragments of equine antibodies… showed no clear difference in serious adverse events (by day 28) compared with saline placebo (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Intervention not reported

Serious adverse events up to day 45 · non‐hospitalised adults with mild COVID‐19

The intervention showed no clear difference in serious adverse events up to day 45 (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Remdesivir and standard care vs placebo or usual care

Serious adverse events at up to day 28 · hospitalised individuals with COVID‐19 (moderate to severe disease)

Remdesivir and standard care showed no clear difference in serious adverse events at up to day 28 compared with standard care (plus/minus placebo) (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Antibiotics vs placebo or usual care

Serious adverse events Duration 3 days to 3 weeks · acute asthma exacerbation

Antibiotics showed no clear difference in serious adverse events Duration 3 days to 3 weeks compared with placebo or usual care (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Oral + inhaled dual therapy vs oral monotherapy

Serious adverse events. Outcome assessed on day 42 · bronchiectasis

It is very uncertain whether oral + inhaled dual therapy changes serious adverse events. Outcome assessed on day 42 compared with oral monotherapy (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Vitamin E (capsules 2000 IU/day in two divided doses) vs placebo

Number of participants experiencing any serious adverse events · people with Alzheimer's disease

Vitamin E (capsules 2000 IU/day in two divided doses) showed no clear difference in adverse events Number of participants reporting ≥ 1 serious adverse… compared with placebo (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Short‐stay unit hospitalisation vs usual care

Serious adverse events at time point closest to 90 days · participants with internal medicine diseases and conditions

It is very uncertain whether short‐stay unit hospitalisation changes serious adverse events at time point closest to 90 days compared with usual care (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Oral iron sulphate vs oral iron hydroxide polymaltose complex

Serious adverse events ‐ active or inactive disease (14 days) · IBD patients

It is very uncertain whether oral iron sulphate changes serious adverse events ‐ active or inactive disease (14 days) compared with oral iron hydroxide polymaltose complex (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Early dressing removal vs delayed dressing removal

Serious adverse events Patients experiencing serious adverse events within 30 days of surgery · people with surgical site infection

It is very uncertain whether early dressing removal changes serious adverse events Patients experiencing serious adverse events… compared with delayed dressing removal (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Prophylactic plasma transfusion before surgery/invasive procedures vs alternative haemostatic agents

Serious adverse events measured by surgery or procedure‐related complications within 30 days ‐ not reported · patients undergoing non‐cardiac surgery/invasive procedures

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Thromboelastography threshold vs standard of care (laboratory parameters)

Serious adverse events measured by surgery or procedure‐related complications within 30 days ‐ not reported · patients undergoing non‐cardiac surgery/invasive procedures

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Prophylactic plasma transfusion before surgery/invasive procedures vs no prophylactic plasma transfusion before surgery/invasive procedures (colloid, crystalloid, placebo, or no treatment)

Serious adverse events measured by surgery or procedure‐related complications within 30 days ‐ not reported · patients undergoing non‐cardiac surgery/invasive procedures

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Hyperimmune immunoglobulin from human plasma vs saline placebo

Serious adverse events up to day 28 (data available only as a composite of serious adverse events or death up to day 28) · individuals with moderate or severe COVID‐19

Hyperimmune immunoglobulin from human plasma showed no clear difference in serious adverse events up to day 28 (data available only as a… compared with saline placebo (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review