What do systematic reviews say?

Surgical vs non‐surgical treatment

• Surgical versus non‐surgical interventions for displaced intra‐articular calcaneal fractures 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  2 studies · 192 participants
  Low

Surgical vs non‐surgical treatment

Surgical showed no clear difference in quality of life: EQ‐5D (0: dead to 1: best quality of life) compared with non‐surgical treatment (high certainty).

• Interventions for treating proximal humeral fractures in adults 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  MD 0.01
  6 studies · 502 participants
  High

Surgical vs conservative interventions

• Surgical versus conservative interventions for treating fractures of the middle third of the clavicle 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  2 studies · 321 participants
  Low

Surgical interventions (exploration and decompression / external neurolysis, internal neurolysis, neurorrhaphy / direct repair, neuroma excision, anastomosis, autologous or allograft nerve grafting or tubulization) vs conservative interventions

• Surgical versus conservative interventions for treating acromioclavicular dislocation of the shoulder in adults 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  2 studies · 122 participants
  Low

Anterior vs posterior surgical approaches

• Surgical approaches for cervical spine facet dislocations in adults 2014 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  1 study · 33 participants
  Very low

Anterior vs posterior surgical approaches

• Surgical approaches for cervical spine facet dislocations in adults 2014 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  1 study · 33 participants
  Very low

Supported discharge and multidisciplinary home rehabilitation vs usual care: people living

• Multidisciplinary rehabilitation for older people with hip fractures 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  1 study · 235 participants
  Very low

Multidisciplinary inpatient rehabilitation vs usual care

• Multidisciplinary rehabilitation for older people with hip fractures 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  1 study · 347 participants
  Very low

Early vs delayed mobilisation

• Interventions for treating proximal humeral fractures in adults 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  1 study · 39 participants
  Very low

Intramedullary fixation vs open reduction and internal fixation with plate

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Surgical interventions for treating acute fractures or non‐union of the middle third of the clavicle 2015 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  No studies found

Supported discharge and multidisciplinary home rehabilitation vs (Optimised) usual care

• Multidisciplinary rehabilitation for older people with hip fractures 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  1 study · 56 participants
  Very low

Circular external fixation with limited internal fixation (hybrid fixation) vs standard open reduction internal fixation

• Surgical fixation methods for tibial plateau fractures 2015 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  1 study · 66 participants
  Very low

Mosaicplasty vs microfracture

It is very uncertain whether mosaicplasty changes quality of life: long‐term KOOS QOL score. Scale 0 to 100; higher… compared with microfracture (very low certainty).

• Surgical interventions (microfracture, drilling, mosaicplasty, and allograft transplantation) for treating isolated… 2016 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  1 study · 25 participants
  Very low

Intervention not reported

• Surgical versus conservative interventions for treating anterior cruciate ligament injuries 2016 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  1 study · 121 participants
  Low