What do systematic reviews say?

Behavioural activation vs treatment

• Behavioural activation therapy for depression in adults 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  6 studies · 1299 participants
  Very low

Behavioural activation vs CBT

• Behavioural activation therapy for depression in adults 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  2 studies · 268 participants
  Moderate

Malocclusion vs No malocclusion

One GOHAI study found no significant difference in OHRQoL by malocclusion status; ungraded.

• Impact of oral conditions on oral health-related quality of life among Indians- a systematic review and Meta-analysis. 2023 All outcomes

  India; community-based and institutional settings across multiple states
  Malocclusion and QoL (continuous, GOHAI): no significant difference in OHRQoL between individuals with and without malocclusion (Appukuttan 2016). Single study, not pooled.
  1 study
  GRADE not reported
• Impact of oral conditions on oral health-related quality of life among Indians- a systematic review and Meta-analysis. 2023 All outcomes

  India; community-based and institutional settings across multiple states
  Malocclusion and QoL (continuous, OHIP-14/ECOHIS/FIS): malocclusion had a significant negative influence on OHRQoL (Vinayagamoorthy 2020, Mary 2019). Not pooled.
  2 studies
  GRADE not reported

Periodontal disease assessed by loss of attachment (LOA / clinical attachment loss) vs Individuals without periodontal disease (by LOA)

No difference in OHRQoL was seen between groups for periodontal disease by LOA on OHIP-14/OIDP (pooled SMD -0.04, CI includes 0); ungraded.

• Impact of oral conditions on oral health-related quality of life among Indians- a systematic review and Meta-analysis. 2023 All outcomes

  India; community-based and institutional settings across multiple states
  SMD -0.04 [-2.01, 1.92]
  4 studies · 3414 participants
  Very low
• Impact of oral conditions on oral health-related quality of life among Indians- a systematic review and Meta-analysis. 2023 All outcomes

  India; community-based and institutional settings across multiple states
  Periodontal disease (LOA) and QoL (continuous, GOHAI): one study reported a significant negative impact (Rekhi 2016), one found no significant association (Marya 2020). Not pooled.
  2 studies
  GRADE not reported

Periodontal disease assessed by Community Periodontal Index (CPI) vs Individuals without periodontal disease (by CPI)

No difference in OHRQoL was seen between groups for periodontal disease by CPI on OHIP-14/OIDP (pooled SMD -0.18, CI includes 0); ungraded.

• Impact of oral conditions on oral health-related quality of life among Indians- a systematic review and Meta-analysis. 2023 All outcomes

  India; community-based and institutional settings across multiple states
  SMD -0.18 [-0.53, 0.18]
  4 studies · 3064 participants
  Very low
• Impact of oral conditions on oral health-related quality of life among Indians- a systematic review and Meta-analysis. 2023 All outcomes

  India; community-based and institutional settings across multiple states
  Periodontal disease (CPI) and QoL (continuous, GOHAI): CPI scores negatively correlated with QoL in one study (Rekhi 2016); no significant relation in another (Marya 2020, P>0.05). Not pooled.
  2 studies
  GRADE not reported

Dental caries vs Caries-free controls

Three studies using GOHAI found dental caries associated with poorer OHRQoL (P<0.05); narrative, ungraded.

• Impact of oral conditions on oral health-related quality of life among Indians- a systematic review and Meta-analysis. 2023 All outcomes

  India; community-based and institutional settings across multiple states
  Dental caries and QoL (GOHAI): all three studies (Appukuttan 2016, Rekhi 2018, Rekhi 2015) found decayed teeth associated with poorer QoL (P<0.05); not pooled.
  3 studies
  GRADE not reported
• Impact of oral conditions on oral health-related quality of life among Indians- a systematic review and Meta-analysis. 2023 All outcomes

  India; community-based and institutional settings across multiple states
  SMD 0.87 [0.34, 1.40]
  6 studies · 4511 participants
  Moderate

0-19 remaining teeth vs Individuals without functional edentulism

No significant difference in OHRQoL (GOHAI) was found for functional edentulism vs none (pooled SMD 0.31, CI includes 0); ungraded.

• Impact of oral conditions on oral health-related quality of life among Indians- a systematic review and Meta-analysis. 2023 All outcomes

  India; community-based and institutional settings across multiple states
  SMD 0.31 [-0.37, 0.99]
  4 studies · 1146 participants
  Very low

Prosthetic need vs Individuals without prosthetic need

One study found prosthetic need significantly related to OHRQoL components on OHIP-14; ungraded.

• Impact of oral conditions on oral health-related quality of life among Indians- a systematic review and Meta-analysis. 2023 All outcomes

  India; community-based and institutional settings across multiple states
  Prosthetic need and QoL (continuous, OHIP-14): prosthetic need was significantly related to various components of OHRQoL (Joseph 2016). Single study, not pooled.
  1 study
  GRADE not reported
• Impact of oral conditions on oral health-related quality of life among Indians- a systematic review and Meta-analysis. 2023 All outcomes

  India; community-based and institutional settings across multiple states
  Prosthetic need and QoL (continuous, GOHAI): of three studies, one found no significant difference (Shetty 2013) and two proved the association (Pillai 2015, Rekhi 2018). Not pooled.
  3 studies
  GRADE not reported

Bruxism vs No bruxism

Two studies found bruxers have poorer OHRQoL than non-bruxers; narrative, ungraded.

• Impact of oral conditions on oral health-related quality of life among Indians- a systematic review and Meta-analysis. 2023 All outcomes

  India; community-based and institutional settings across multiple states
  Bruxism and QoL (continuous, OHIP-14): bruxers have poorer OHRQoL than non-bruxers (Thetakala 2018, Suguna 2020). Two studies, 284 individuals; not pooled.
  2 studies · 284 participants
  GRADE not reported

Edentulism (complete or partial missing teeth) vs Individuals without edentulism

Continuous (GOHAI/WHOQoL) evidence on edentulism and OHRQoL was inconsistent across two studies; ungraded.

• Impact of oral conditions on oral health-related quality of life among Indians- a systematic review and Meta-analysis. 2023 All outcomes

  India; community-based and institutional settings across multiple states
  Edentulism and QoL (continuous, GOHAI/WHOQoL): one study reported edentulism negatively influenced QoL (Marina 2019), one found no effect (Appukuttan 2016). Not pooled.
  2 studies
  GRADE not reported
• Impact of oral conditions on oral health-related quality of life among Indians- a systematic review and Meta-analysis. 2023 All outcomes

  India; community-based and institutional settings across multiple states
  Edentulism and QoL (continuous, OHIP-14): no significant association between individuals with and without edentulism (Ajai 2020). Single study, not pooled.
  1 study
  GRADE not reported

Gingivitis (assessed by gingival index or WHO criteria) vs Individuals without gingivitis

Continuous analyses (GOHAI, OHIP-14) of gingivitis and OHRQoL were inconsistent and mostly non-significant; ungraded.

• Impact of oral conditions on oral health-related quality of life among Indians- a systematic review and Meta-analysis. 2023 All outcomes

  India; community-based and institutional settings across multiple states
  Gingivitis and QoL (continuous): GOHAI - one study found poorer QoL (Appukuttan 2016, P<0.05), one no significant association (Marya 2020, P=0.08); OHIP-14 - no impact (Sreela 2020, P=0.0762). Not pooled.
  3 studies
  GRADE not reported

Dental fluorosis (assessed by TFI or WHO criteria) vs Individuals without dental fluorosis

Two studies found dental fluorosis significantly associated with poorer OHRQoL; narrative, ungraded.

• Impact of oral conditions on oral health-related quality of life among Indians- a systematic review and Meta-analysis. 2023 All outcomes

  India; community-based and institutional settings across multiple states
  Dental fluorosis and QoL (continuous, OIDP/CPQ11-14): a significant difference between individuals with and without fluorosis on OHRQoL (Nagarajappa 2015, Shyam 2020). Two studies, 3000 individuals; not pooled.
  2 studies · 3000 participants
  GRADE not reported

Dental caries vs Caries-free controls

In children aged 3-5 years, early childhood caries was significantly associated with poorer OHRQoL (narrative; 3 studies); ungraded.

• Impact of oral conditions on oral health-related quality of life among Indians- a systematic review and Meta-analysis. 2023 All outcomes

  India; community-based and institutional settings across multiple states · Children 3-5 years (ECOHIS/Michigan, continuous)
  Subgroup children 3-5 years (continuous, ECOHIS/Michigan): early childhood caries significantly associated with poorer OHRQoL (Singh N 2020, Ghanghas 2019, Jaggi 2019); not pooled.
  3 studies
  GRADE not reported

Acupuncture vs sham

• Acupuncture for treatment of irritable bowel syndrome 2012 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  3 studies · 253 participants
  Moderate

Adaptive servo ventilation (ASV) vs continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP)

• Non‐invasive positive pressure ventilation for central sleep apnoea in adults 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  Very low

Bi‐PAP vs fixed CPAP

• Pressure modification or humidification for improving usage of continuous positive airway pressure machines in adults… 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  1 study · 151 participants
  Low

CPAP with expiratory pressure relief vs fixed CPAP

• Pressure modification or humidification for improving usage of continuous positive airway pressure machines in adults… 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  1 study · 74 participants
  Low

Heated humidification + fixed CPAP vs fixed CPAP

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Pressure modification or humidification for improving usage of continuous positive airway pressure machines in adults… 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  No studies found

Auto‐CPAP vs fixed CPAP

• Pressure modification or humidification for improving usage of continuous positive airway pressure machines in adults… 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  3 studies · 352 participants
  Low

Positional therapy vs continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP)

• Positional therapy for obstructive sleep apnoea 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  1 study · 20 participants
  Low