Non-Cochrane · aetiology · PM37653527
Impact of oral conditions on oral health-related quality of life among Indians- a systematic review and Meta-analysis.
James Anju, Janakiram Chandrashekar, Meghana R V, et al. · Health and quality of life outcomes · 2023 · PubMed · doi:10.1186/s12955-023-02170-6
Full textEvery question was extracted from the full text, figures and supplements by two independent LLM extractors, disagreements adjudicated. Rows cite where in the review the value comes from.
Questions
32
current version
GRADE rated
15
No studies
0
Included studies
41
linked below
No studies 0 · 0%Ungraded 17 · 53.1%Very low 11 · 34.4%Low 0 · 0%Moderate 4 · 12.5%High 0 · 0%
Ungraded means an effect was reported without a GRADE rating; it is not a gap. No studies means the review found nothing to answer the question. The six categories are a display order, not a score.
Review question
| Element | Planned (methods) | Found (results) |
|---|---|---|
| Population | Indians (all ages) | Indians, children to elderly (41 studies; N=23,090) |
| Intervention | Oral conditions as exposure: dental caries, gingivitis, periodontal disease, malocclusion, dental fluorosis, tooth loss, prosthetic need | Dental caries (n=20), gingivitis (n=6-7), periodontal disease-LOA (n=9), periodontal disease-CPI (n=10), malocclusion (n=10), dental fluorosis (n=2), bruxism (n=2), functional edentulism/edentulism (n=9), prosthetic need (n=6) |
| Comparison | Individuals without the oral condition | Individuals without the respective oral condition |
| Outcomes | Oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL) measured by CPQ11-14, ECOHIS, FIS, GOHAI, OHIA, OHIP-14, OIDP, WHOQoL | OHRQoL; most frequent instruments OHIP-14 (n=16) and GOHAI (n=9); analysed as binary (OR) and continuous (SMD) |
| Study designs | Cross-sectional studies and Randomised Controlled Trials | 40 cross-sectional and 1 RCT (baseline used as cross-sectional); 26 studies meta-analyzed |
| Timing | Not specified | Not specified (cross-sectional) |
Search date: Up to July 2022. Databases: PubMed; Scopus; CINAHL; Web of Science; PsycInfo; Google Scholar; reference lists of included studies
Questions and results
Dental caries (assessed by DMFT/deft/dmft, WHO criteria or PUFA) vs Individuals without dental caries
Population: Indian children aged 3-5 years
| Outcome | Effect | Evidence | Status / GRADE |
|---|---|---|---|
Oral health-related quality of life (continuous), measured by ECOHIS / Michigan Oral Health QoL Children 3-5 years (ECOHIS/Michigan, continuous) In children aged 3-5 years, early childhood caries was significantly associated with poorer OHRQoL (narrative; 3 studies); ungraded. Source: Results 'Subgroup analysis' (iii) · same question in other reviews | Subgroup children 3-5 years (continuous, ECOHIS/Michigan): early childhood caries significantly associated with poorer OHRQoL (Singh N 2020, Ghanghas 2019, Jaggi 2019); not pooled. | 3 studies | Ungraded |
Oral health-related quality of life (dichotomous: poor vs not) Adolescents 10-19 years (dichotomous) Population: Indians across all ages (children, adolescents, adults, elderly) In adolescents (10-19 years), dental caries was associated with poorer OHRQoL (pooled OR 3.92; 5 studies); ungraded. Source: Results 'Subgroup analysis' (b); Fig 10 · same question in other reviews | OR 3.92 [2.06, 7.48] | 5 studies · 3171 participants | Ungraded |
Oral health-related quality of life (continuous), measured by GOHAI Population: Indians across all ages (children, adolescents, adults, elderly) Three studies using GOHAI found dental caries associated with poorer OHRQoL (P<0.05); narrative, ungraded. Source: Results 'Dental caries and OHRQoL' (iii) · same question in other reviews | Dental caries and QoL (GOHAI): all three studies (Appukuttan 2016, Rekhi 2018, Rekhi 2015) found decayed teeth associated with poorer QoL (P<0.05); not pooled. | 3 studies | Ungraded |
Oral health-related quality of life (dichotomous: poor vs not) By OHRQoL scale / score direction (dichotomous) Population: Indians across all ages (children, adolescents, adults, elderly) In a subgroup by OHRQoL scale, dental caries was associated with poorer OHRQoL (pooled OR 4.73; 7 studies); ungraded. Source: Results 'Subgroup analysis' (a); Fig 9 · same question in other reviews | OR 4.73 [2.91, 7.68] | 7 studies · 4114 participants | Ungraded |
Oral health-related quality of life (dichotomous: poor vs not) Population: Indians across all ages (children, adolescents, adults, elderly) Individuals with dental caries probably have poorer oral health-related quality of life than those without (pooled OR 3.54; 10 studies; moderate certainty). Source: Abstract; Results 'Dental caries and OHRQoL' (a); Fig 3; Table 3; Fig 1 (GRADE SoF) · same question in other reviews | OR 3.54 [2.24, 5.60] | 10 studies · 4945 participants | Moderate Downgraded: risk of bias, inconsistency, indirectness |
Oral health-related quality of life (continuous), measured by OHIP-14 / ECOHIS / Michigan Oral Health QoL Population: Indians across all ages (children, adolescents, adults, elderly) OHRQoL was worse in individuals with dental caries on OHIP-14/ECOHIS/Michigan scales (pooled SMD 0.87; 6 studies); this estimate was not GRADE-rated. Source: Results 'Dental caries and OHRQoL' (b); Fig 4; Table 3 · same question in other reviews | SMD 0.87 [0.34, 1.40] | 6 studies · 4511 participants | Moderate |
Gingivitis (assessed by gingival index or WHO criteria) vs Individuals without gingivitis
Population: Indians (adolescents, adults, elderly, children)
| Outcome | Effect | Evidence | Status / GRADE |
|---|---|---|---|
Oral health-related quality of life (continuous), measured by GOHAI / OHIP-14 Continuous analyses (GOHAI, OHIP-14) of gingivitis and OHRQoL were inconsistent and mostly non-significant; ungraded. Source: Results 'Gingivitis and OHRQoL' (b, c) · same question in other reviews | Gingivitis and QoL (continuous): GOHAI - one study found poorer QoL (Appukuttan 2016, P<0.05), one no significant association (Marya 2020, P=0.08); OHIP-14 - no impact (Sreela 2020, P=0.0762). Not pooled. | 3 studies | Ungraded |
Poor oral health-related quality of life Population: Indians Malocclusion is associated with poor OHRQoL but certainty is very low. Source: Fig. 1; Results, Malocclusion and OHRQoL; Table 3 · same question in other reviews | OR 5.44 [1.61, 18.39] 503 per 1000 vs 846 per 1000 | 6 studies · 3720 participants | Very low Downgraded: risk of bias, inconsistency, indirectness |
Oral health-related quality of life (dichotomous: poor vs not) Evidence on gingivitis and OHRQoL is inconsistent, with only one of three studies showing an association (very low certainty). Source: Results 'Gingivitis and OHRQoL' (a); Fig 1 (GRADE SoF) · same question in other reviews | Gingivitis vs no gingivitis: studies show inconsistency; one study showed poor QoL (Shivakumar 2018, OR 1.39, 95% CI 1.09 to 1.67), two studies no significant association (Baiju 2019, Singh 2020); 943 participants, 3… | 3 studies · 943 participants | Very low Downgraded: inconsistency, indirectness |
Periodontal disease assessed by loss of attachment (LOA / clinical attachment loss) vs Individuals without periodontal disease (by LOA)
Population: Indian adults and elderly (police, teachers, general and institutionalised populations)
| Outcome | Effect | Evidence | Status / GRADE |
|---|---|---|---|
Oral health-related quality of life (continuous), measured by OHIP-14 / OIDP No difference in OHRQoL was seen between groups for periodontal disease by LOA on OHIP-14/OIDP (pooled SMD -0.04, CI includes 0); ungraded. Source: Results 'Periodontal Disease ... LOA' (a); Fig 5; Table 3 · same question in other reviews | SMD -0.04 [-2.01, 1.92] | 4 studies · 3414 participants | Very low |
Poor oral health-related quality of life Population: Indians Results were inconsistent and certainty was very low. Source: Fig. 1; Results, Gingivitis and OHRQoL · same question in other reviews | no estimate extracted | 3 studies · 943 participants | Very low Downgraded: imprecision, inconsistency |
Oral health-related quality of life (continuous), measured by GOHAI GOHAI-based evidence for periodontal disease (LOA) and OHRQoL was inconsistent across two studies; ungraded. Source: Results 'Periodontal Disease ... LOA' (iii) · same question in other reviews | Periodontal disease (LOA) and QoL (continuous, GOHAI): one study reported a significant negative impact (Rekhi 2016), one found no significant association (Marya 2020). Not pooled. | 2 studies | Ungraded |
Oral health-related quality of life (dichotomous: poor vs not) Dichotomous evidence for periodontal disease (LOA) and OHRQoL was inconsistent across three studies; ungraded. Source: Results 'Periodontal Disease ... LOA' (b) · same question in other reviews | Periodontal disease (LOA) and QoL (dichotomous): two studies found a significant association (Saxena 2018, Abhishek 2016), one denied it (Nagarajappa 2015, P=0.687). Not pooled. | 3 studies | Ungraded |
Periodontal disease assessed by Community Periodontal Index vs No periodontal disease assessed by community periodontal index
Population: Indians
| Outcome | Effect | Evidence | Status / GRADE |
|---|---|---|---|
Poor oral health-related quality of life Results were inconsistent and certainty was very low. Source: Fig. 1; Results, Periodontal Disease assessed by Community Periodontal Index and OHRQoL · same question in other reviews | no estimate extracted | 3 studies · 1345 participants | Very low Downgraded: inconsistency, indirectness |
Oral health-related quality of life (dichotomous: poor vs not) Population: Indian adults and elderly (general, police, teachers, institutionalised) Evidence on periodontal disease (CPI) and OHRQoL is inconsistent across studies (very low certainty). Source: Results 'Periodontal Disease ... CPI' (b); Fig 1 (GRADE SoF) · same question in other reviews | Periodontal disease (CPI) vs none: studies show inconsistency; two studies showed poor QoL (Nagarajappa 2015, Saxena 2018), one no significant association (Shivakumar 2018); 1345 participants, 3 observational studies;… | 3 studies · 1345 participants | Very low Downgraded: inconsistency, indirectness |
Oral health-related quality of life (continuous), measured by OHIP-14 / OIDP Population: Indian adults and elderly (general, police, teachers, institutionalised) No difference in OHRQoL was seen between groups for periodontal disease by CPI on OHIP-14/OIDP (pooled SMD -0.18, CI includes 0); ungraded. Source: Results 'Periodontal Disease ... CPI' (a); Fig 6; Table 3 · same question in other reviews | SMD -0.18 [-0.53, 0.18] | 4 studies · 3064 participants | Very low |
Oral health-related quality of life (continuous), measured by GOHAI Population: Indian adults and elderly (general, police, teachers, institutionalised) GOHAI-based evidence for periodontal disease (CPI) and OHRQoL was inconsistent across two studies; ungraded. Source: Results 'Periodontal Disease ... CPI' (iii) · same question in other reviews | Periodontal disease (CPI) and QoL (continuous, GOHAI): CPI scores negatively correlated with QoL in one study (Rekhi 2016); no significant relation in another (Marya 2020, P>0.05). Not pooled. | 2 studies | Ungraded |
Functional edentulism vs No functional edentulism
Population: Indians
| Outcome | Effect | Evidence | Status / GRADE |
|---|---|---|---|
Poor oral health-related quality of life Results were inconsistent and certainty was very low. Source: Fig. 1; Results, Functional Edentulism and OHRQoL · same question in other reviews | no estimate extracted | 2 studies · 368 participants | Very low Downgraded: imprecision, inconsistency, indirectness |
Oral health-related quality of life (dichotomous: poor vs not) Population: Indian elderly (>60 years) Evidence on functional edentulism and OHRQoL is inconsistent across two studies (very low certainty). Source: Results 'Functional Edentulism and OHRQoL' (b); Fig 1 (GRADE SoF) · same question in other reviews | Functional edentulism vs none: studies show inconsistency; one study found a significant association (Pushpanjali 2013), one did not (Shivakumar 2018); 368 participants, 2 observational studies; Very low certainty (Fig… | 2 studies · 368 participants | Very low Downgraded: risk of bias, imprecision, inconsistency, indirectness |
Oral health-related quality of life (continuous), measured by GOHAI Population: Indian elderly (>60 years) No significant difference in OHRQoL (GOHAI) was found for functional edentulism vs none (pooled SMD 0.31, CI includes 0); ungraded. Source: Results 'Functional Edentulism and OHRQoL' (a); Fig 7; Table 3 · same question in other reviews | SMD 0.31 [-0.37, 0.99] | 4 studies · 1146 participants | Very low |
Edentulism (complete or partial missing teeth) vs Individuals without edentulism
Population: Indian elderly
| Outcome | Effect | Evidence | Status / GRADE |
|---|---|---|---|
Oral health-related quality of life (continuous), measured by GOHAI / WHOQoL Continuous (GOHAI/WHOQoL) evidence on edentulism and OHRQoL was inconsistent across two studies; ungraded. Source: Results 'Edentulism and OHRQoL' (b) · same question in other reviews | Edentulism and QoL (continuous, GOHAI/WHOQoL): one study reported edentulism negatively influenced QoL (Marina 2019), one found no effect (Appukuttan 2016). Not pooled. | 2 studies | Ungraded |
Oral health-related quality of life (continuous), measured by OHIP-14 One study found no significant association between edentulism and OHRQoL on OHIP-14; ungraded. Source: Results 'Edentulism and OHRQoL' (iii) · same question in other reviews | Edentulism and QoL (continuous, OHIP-14): no significant association between individuals with and without edentulism (Ajai 2020). Single study, not pooled. | 1 study | Ungraded |
Poor oral health-related quality of life Population: Indians Prosthetic need is associated with poor OHRQoL (moderate certainty). Source: Fig. 1; Results, Prosthetic need and OHRQoL · same question in other reviews | no estimate extracted | 2 studies · 950 participants | Moderate Downgraded: indirectness |
Oral health-related quality of life (dichotomous: poor vs not) One study found edentulism did not affect OHRQoL (dichotomous); ungraded. Source: Results 'Edentulism and OHRQoL' (a) · same question in other reviews | Edentulism and QoL (dichotomous): edentulism did not affect OHRQoL (Shivakumar 2018). Single study, not pooled. | 1 study | Ungraded |
Malocclusion (assessed by DAI, IOTN or WHO criteria) vs Individuals without malocclusion
Population: Indian children, adolescents and adults
| Outcome | Effect | Evidence | Status / GRADE |
|---|---|---|---|
Oral health-related quality of life (dichotomous: poor vs not) Individuals with malocclusion had significantly higher odds of poor OHRQoL (pooled OR 5.44; 6 studies), but certainty is very low. Source: Abstract; Results 'Malocclusion and OHRQoL' (a); Fig 8; Fig 1 (GRADE SoF) · same question in other reviews | OR 5.44 [1.61, 18.39] | 6 studies · 3720 participants | Very low Downgraded: imprecision, inconsistency, indirectness |
Oral health-related quality of life (continuous), measured by GOHAI One GOHAI study found no significant difference in OHRQoL by malocclusion status; ungraded. Source: Results 'Malocclusion and OHRQoL' (b) · same question in other reviews | Malocclusion and QoL (continuous, GOHAI): no significant difference in OHRQoL between individuals with and without malocclusion (Appukuttan 2016). Single study, not pooled. | 1 study | Ungraded |
Oral health-related quality of life (continuous), measured by OHIP-14 / ECOHIS / FIS Two studies (OHIP-14/ECOHIS/FIS) found malocclusion had a significant negative influence on OHRQoL; ungraded. Source: Results 'Malocclusion and OHRQoL' (iii) · same question in other reviews | Malocclusion and QoL (continuous, OHIP-14/ECOHIS/FIS): malocclusion had a significant negative influence on OHRQoL (Vinayagamoorthy 2020, Mary 2019). Not pooled. | 2 studies | Ungraded |
Dental fluorosis (assessed by TFI or WHO criteria) vs Individuals without dental fluorosis
Population: Indian children and young adults
| Outcome | Effect | Evidence | Status / GRADE |
|---|---|---|---|
Oral health-related quality of life (continuous), measured by OIDP / CPQ11-14 Two studies found dental fluorosis significantly associated with poorer OHRQoL; narrative, ungraded. Source: Results 'Dental Fluorosis and OHRQoL' (a) · same question in other reviews | Dental fluorosis and QoL (continuous, OIDP/CPQ11-14): a significant difference between individuals with and without fluorosis on OHRQoL (Nagarajappa 2015, Shyam 2020). Two studies, 3000 individuals; not pooled. | 2 studies · 3000 participants | Ungraded |
Bruxism vs Individuals without bruxism (non-bruxers)
Population: Indian children and adults
| Outcome | Effect | Evidence | Status / GRADE |
|---|---|---|---|
Oral health-related quality of life (continuous), measured by OHIP-14 Two studies found bruxers have poorer OHRQoL than non-bruxers; narrative, ungraded. Source: Results 'Bruxism and OHRQoL' (a) · same question in other reviews | Bruxism and QoL (continuous, OHIP-14): bruxers have poorer OHRQoL than non-bruxers (Thetakala 2018, Suguna 2020). Two studies, 284 individuals; not pooled. | 2 studies · 284 participants | Ungraded |
Prosthetic need vs Individuals without prosthetic need
Population: Indian elderly and general-population adults
| Outcome | Effect | Evidence | Status / GRADE |
|---|---|---|---|
Oral health-related quality of life (dichotomous: poor vs not) Prosthetic need was significantly associated with poorer OHRQoL in both included studies (moderate certainty). Source: Results 'Prosthetic need and OHRQoL' (a); Fig 1 (GRADE SoF) · same question in other reviews | Prosthetic need vs none: both included studies showed a significant association with poor QoL (Nagarajappa 2015, Shivakumar 2018); 950 participants, 2 observational studies; Moderate certainty (Fig 1 GRADE SoF). No… | 2 studies · 950 participants | Moderate Downgraded: indirectness |
Oral health-related quality of life (continuous), measured by OHIP-14 One study found prosthetic need significantly related to OHRQoL components on OHIP-14; ungraded. Source: Results 'Prosthetic need and OHRQoL' (c) · same question in other reviews | Prosthetic need and QoL (continuous, OHIP-14): prosthetic need was significantly related to various components of OHRQoL (Joseph 2016). Single study, not pooled. | 1 study | Ungraded |
Oral health-related quality of life (continuous), measured by GOHAI GOHAI evidence for prosthetic need and OHRQoL was mostly positive (2 of 3 studies) but not pooled; ungraded. Source: Results 'Prosthetic need and OHRQoL' (b) · same question in other reviews | Prosthetic need and QoL (continuous, GOHAI): of three studies, one found no significant difference (Shetty 2013) and two proved the association (Pillai 2015, Rekhi 2018). Not pooled. | 3 studies | Ungraded |
Included primary studies 41
Open as a trial list| Study | Also included by | Outcomes it informs here | Trial PICO | Results |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Kumar 2015 matched by author and year (probable) | 1 other review | not stated | not extracted yet | not extracted yet |
| Shivakumar 2018 matched by author and year (probable) | 1 other review | not stated | not extracted yet | not extracted yet |
| Abhishek 2014 matched by author and year (probable) | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet | not extracted yet |
| Abhishek 2016 matched by author and year (probable) | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet | not extracted yet |
| Ajai 2020 matched by author and year (probable) | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet | not extracted yet |
| Appukuttan 2016 matched by author and year (probable) | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet | not extracted yet |
| Babu 2017 matched by author and year (probable) | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet | not extracted yet |
| Baiju 2019 matched by author and year (probable) | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet | not extracted yet |
| Basavaraj 2014 matched by author and year (probable) | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet | not extracted yet |
| Ghanghas 2019 matched by author and year (probable) | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet | not extracted yet |
| Jaggi 2019 matched by author and year (probable) | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet | not extracted yet |
| Jain 2012 matched by author and year (probable) | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet | not extracted yet |
| Joseph 2016 matched by author and year (probable) | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet | not extracted yet |
| Kumar 2018 matched by author and year (probable) | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet | not extracted yet |
| Manjith 2012 matched by author and year (probable) | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet | not extracted yet |
| Marina 2019 matched by author and year (probable) | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet | not extracted yet |
| Mary 2019 matched by author and year (probable) | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet | not extracted yet |
| Marya 2020 matched by author and year (probable) | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet | not extracted yet |
| Nagarajappa 2015 matched by author and year (probable) | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet | not extracted yet |
| Neelamana 2020 matched by author and year (probable) | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet | not extracted yet |
| Pillai 2015 matched by author and year (probable) | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet | not extracted yet |
| Pushpanjali 2013 matched by author and year (probable) | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet | not extracted yet |
| Rajagopalachari 2015 matched by author and year (probable) | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet | not extracted yet |
| Rekhi 2015 matched by author and year (probable) | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet | not extracted yet |
| Rekhi 2016 matched by author and year (probable) | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet | not extracted yet |
| Rekhi 2018 matched by author and year (probable) | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet | not extracted yet |
| Sanadhya 2015 matched by author and year (probable) | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet | not extracted yet |
| Saxena 2018 matched by author and year (probable) | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet | not extracted yet |
| Sharna 2019 matched by author and year (probable) | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet | not extracted yet |
| Shetty 2013 matched by author and year (probable) | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet | not extracted yet |
| Shyam 2020 matched by author and year (probable) | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet | not extracted yet |
| Siluvai 2015 matched by author and year (probable) | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet | not extracted yet |
| Singh 2019 matched by author and year (probable) | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet | not extracted yet |
| Singh 2020 matched by author and year (probable) | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet | not extracted yet |
| Singh N 2020 matched by author and year (probable) | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet | not extracted yet |
| Sreela 2020 matched by author and year (probable) | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet | not extracted yet |
| Suguna 2020 matched by author and year (probable) | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet | not extracted yet |
| Thetakala 2018 matched by author and year (probable) | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet | not extracted yet |
| Usha 2012 matched by author and year (probable) | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet | not extracted yet |
| Vinayagamoorthy 2020 matched by author and year (probable) | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet | not extracted yet |
| Yadav 2019 matched by author and year (probable) | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet | not extracted yet |
Overlap with other reviews
Reviews that include the same primary studies are not independent evidence. Shared counts match studies by PMID, DOI or NCT, and otherwise by author and year (a probable match).
| Review | Shared studies | Jaccard |
|---|---|---|
| Oral health status of children with intellectual and developmental disabilities in India: a systematic review and meta-analysis. (2024) | 2 | 0.03 |