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Evidence found and GRADE certainty

83 questions · 83 findings · 52 reviews · Pregnancy and Childbirth

No studies found 7 · 8.4%GRADE not reported 16 · 19.3%Very low 19 · 22.9%Low 28 · 33.7%Moderate 11 · 13.3%High 2 · 2.4%

Ambroxol vs corticosteroid (betamethasone)

Perinatal mortality frequency of deaths of newborns · women at risk of preterm birth

Ambroxol showed no clear difference in perinatal mortality frequency of deaths of newborns compared with corticosteroid (betamethasone) (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Planned early birth vs expectant management

Perinatal mortality · women with prelabour rupture of membranes at term (37 weeks' gestation or later)

Planned early birth showed no clear difference in perinatal mortality (stillbirth or neonatal mortality) compared with expectant management (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Probiotics vs placebo

Perinatal mortality · preventing gestational diabetes

Probiotics showed no clear difference in perinatal mortality (stillbirth and neonatal mortality) compared with placebo (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Continuous glucose monitoring system vs intermittent glucose monitoring

Perinatal mortality · women with pre‐existing diabetes

Continuous glucose monitoring showed no clear difference in perinatal mortality (stillbirth and neonatal mortality) compared with intermittent glucose monitoring (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Self‐monitoring vs a different type of self‐monitoring

Perinatal mortality · women with pre‐existing diabetes

It is very uncertain whether self‐monitoring changes perinatal mortality (stillbirth and neonatal mortality) compared with a different type of self‐monitoring (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Lifestyle vs control ‐ Neonatal and later outcomes

Perinatal (fetal and neonatal death) and later infant mortality · women with gestational diabetes mellitus

Lifestyle showed no clear difference in perinatal (fetal and neonatal death) and later infant mortality compared with control ‐ Neonatal and later outcomes (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Insulin vs anti‐diabetic agent

Perinatal (fetal and neonatal death) and later infant mortality · Infants of women diagnosed with gestational diabetes

Insulin showed no clear difference in perinatal (fetal and neonatal death) and later infant mortality compared with anti‐diabetic agent (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

External cephalic version (ECV) commenced before term vs ECV at term

Death of a baby (stillbirth or neonatal death) report of perinatal death · women with breech presentation before term

External cephalic version (ECV) commenced before term showed no clear difference in perinatal mortality (Stillbirth or neonatal mortality < 7 days) compared with ECV at term (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Admission cardiotocography vs intermittent auscultation

Perinatal mortality rate (fetal and neonatal deaths excluding lethal congenital anomalies) · Low risk pregnant women. All of the women were in labour.

Admission cardiotocography showed no clear difference in perinatal mortality rate (fetal and neonatal deaths excluding lethal… compared with intermittent auscultation (low‐risk women) (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Intervention not reported

Perinatal/neonatal death or severe neonatal morbidity ‐ Low national perinatal mortality rate · women with term breech delivery

The intervention probably leads to lower perinatal/neonatal death or severe neonatal morbidity ‐ Low national… (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review