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Evidence found and GRADE certainty

188 questions · 194 findings · 102 reviews

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No studies found 26 · 13.4%GRADE not reported 14 · 7.2%Very low 35 · 18%Low 56 · 28.9%Moderate 52 · 26.8%High 11 · 5.7%

Retrievable vena caval filters with anticoagulation vs anticoagulation

Mortality (up to 6 months) · participants with unprovoked acute symptomatic PE and at high risk for recurrent PEa

Retrievable vena caval filters with anticoagulation showed no clear difference in mortality (up to 6 months) compared with anticoagulation (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Antibiotics vs placebo

All‐cause mortality WMD of · Adults (aged 40 or over) with COPD presenting with 1 or more exacerbations in the previous year. The 2 larger studies (Albert 2011; Sethi…

Antibiotics showed no clear difference in all‐cause mortality WMD of compared with placebo (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Ultrasound‐assisted catheter‐directed thrombolysis plus standard intravenous heparinisation vs standard intravenous heparinisation

All‐cause mortality (90‐day) · people with intermediate‐risk (submassive) APE

It is very uncertain whether ultrasound‐assisted catheter‐directed thrombolysis plus standard… changes all‐cause mortality (90‐day) compared with standard intravenous heparinisation (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Oxygen‐guided lung‐recruitment maneuver vs usual care

Death at hospital discharge · preterm infants < 37 weeks' gestational age requiring conventional mechanical ventilation for respiratory distress syndrome

Oxygen‐guided lung‐recruitment maneuver showed no clear difference in mortality by hospital discharge compared with routine care (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Systemic corticosteroids vs placebo or control

Mortality Mortality at latest · preterm infants with chronic lung disease

Systemic corticosteroids (dexamethasone or hydrocortisone) leads to lower mortality at latest reported age compared with control (placebo or nothing) (high certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Systemic corticosteroids vs placebo or control

Death or bronchopulmonary dysplasia at 36 weeks PMA · preterm infants with chronic lung disease

Systemic corticosteroids (dexamethasone or hydrocortisone) probably leads to lower mortality or BPD at 36 weeks' PMA compared with control (placebo or nothing) (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Intervention not reported

Combined mortality of all studies · Adult patients in intensive care

The intervention leads to higher combined mortality of all studies (high certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Intervention not reported

Mortality (deaths during trial period) · adults (> 18 years of age) with either COPD or recurrent acute exacerbations of chronic bronchitis

It is very uncertain whether the intervention changes mortality (deaths during trial period) (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Treatment route: intravenous corticosteroid vs oral corticosteroid

Mortality after discharge (1‐3 months) · exacerbations of COPD

Treatment route: intravenous corticosteroid showed no clear difference in mortality after discharge (1‐3 months) compared with oral corticosteroid (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Beclometasone/LABA vs LABA

Mortality (all‐cause) (dichotomous Peto method) · participants with stable stage 3 COPD, smokers and ex‐smokers with a minimum pack‐year history of 20

It is very uncertain whether beclometasone/LABA changes mortality (all‐cause) (dichotomous Peto method) compared with LABA (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review