Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

108 questions · 115 findings · 61 reviews

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No studies found 22 · 19.1%GRADE not reported 4 · 3.5%Very low 23 · 20%Low 36 · 31.3%Moderate 21 · 18.3%High 9 · 7.8%

Multidisciplinary inpatient rehabilitation vs usual care

Death at hospital discharge · older people undergoing rehabilitation soon after surgically treated hip fracture

Multidisciplinary inpatient rehabilitation showed no clear difference in mortality (at discharge) compared with usual care (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Multidisciplinary rehabilitation for older people with hip fractures 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.77 [0.58, 1.04]
11 studies · 2455 participants
Low

General health checks vs usual care

Cardiovascular mortality · Adults (general population)

General health checks showed no clear difference in cardiovascular mortality compared with usual care (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

General health checks in adults for reducing morbidity and mortality from disease 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 1.05 [0.94, 1.16]
9 studies · 170227 participants
Moderate

Antibiotics vs placebo or usual care

Mortality ‐ not reported · acute asthma exacerbation

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Antibiotics for exacerbations of asthma 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

PAP therapy vs usual care

Cardiac disease‐ related mortality · heart failure associated with central sleep apnoea

PAP therapy showed no clear difference in cardiac‐related mortality compared with usual care (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Positive airway pressure therapy for the treatment of central sleep apnoea associated with heart failure 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.97 [0.77, 1.24]
5 studies · 1775 participants
Moderate

Vitamin A vs placebo or usual care

Mortality due to diarrhoea · children aged between 6 months and 5 years

Vitamin A supplementation leads to lower mortality due to diarrhoea compared with placebo or usual care (high certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Vitamin A supplementation for preventing morbidity and mortality in children from six months to five years of age 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.88 [0.79, 0.98]
9 studies · 1098538 participants
High

Supported discharge and multidisciplinary home rehabilitation vs (Optimised) usual care

Death by the end of scheduled · Older people undergoing hip fracture aftercare

It is very uncertain whether supported discharge and multidisciplinary home rehabilitation changes mortality (end of scheduled compared with usual care: mainly (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Multidisciplinary rehabilitation for older people with hip fractures 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 1 [0.61, 1.63]
3 studies · 377 participants
Very low

Supported discharge and multidisciplinary home rehabilitation vs usual care: people living

Death by the end of scheduled · older people from nursing homes undergoing rehabilitation after surgically treated hip fracture

Supported discharge and multidisciplinary home rehabilitation showed no clear difference in mortality (end of scheduled compared with usual care: people living (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Multidisciplinary rehabilitation for older people with hip fractures 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 1.13 [0.86, 1.49]
1 study · 240 participants
Low

Multidisciplinary inpatient rehabilitation vs usual care

Death by the end of scheduled · older people undergoing rehabilitation soon after surgically treated hip fracture

Multidisciplinary inpatient rehabilitation showed no clear difference in mortality (end of scheduled compared with usual care (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Multidisciplinary rehabilitation for older people with hip fractures 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.91 [0.8, 1.05]
18 studies · 3973 participants
Low

Corticosteroids vs placebo or usual care

28‐Day all‐cause mortalitya · children and adults with sepsis

Corticosteroids probably leads to lower 28‐Day all‐cause mortalitya compared with placebo or usual care (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Corticosteroids for treating sepsis in children and adults 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.91 [0.84, 0.99]
50 studies · 11233 participants
Moderate

Opioids vs Placebo, no intervention or usual care (with or without placebo)

Neonatal or infant mortality · newborn infants with opioid withdrawal

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Opioid treatment for opioid withdrawal in newborn infants 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Intervention vs usual care

All‐cause mortality (deaths) Â · COPD and at least one other long‐term condition

It is very uncertain whether intervention changes all‐cause mortality (deaths) Â compared with usual care (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Tailored or adapted interventions for adults with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and at least one other… 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
OR 0.55 [0.23, 1.35]
2 studies · 177 participants
Very low

Summary of findings: Fibrin sealant vs usual care

All‐cause mortality up to 30 days · people aged 18 and over undergoing vascular surgery

It is very uncertain whether summary of findings: Fibrin sealant changes all‐cause mortality up to 30 days compared with usual care (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Drugs to reduce bleeding and transfusion in major open vascular or endovascular surgery: a systematic review and… 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.44 [0.11, 1.76]
3 studies · 585 participants
Very low

Angiotensin receptor neprilysin inhibitors (ARNIs) vs usual care

All‐cause mortality (RR) Range of · patients with chronic heart failure with preserved ejection fraction

Angiotensin receptor neprilysin inhibitors (ARNIs) leads to lower all‐cause mortality (RR) Range of compared with usual care (high certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Beta‐blockers and inhibitors of the renin‐angiotensin aldosterone system for chronic heart failure with preserved… 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.97
3 studies · 7663 participants
High

Self‐management interventions vs usual care

Serious adverse events: mortality · people with non‐cystic fibrosis bronchiectasis

1 finding from 1 review

Self‐management for bronchiectasis 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 20 participants
GRADE not reported

Annual chest x‐ray screening vs usual care (no regular screening)

Mortality: lung cancer · Patients with lung cancer

Annual chest x‐ray screening showed no clear difference in lung cancer mortality at 6 years of compared with usual care (no regular screening) (high certainty).

2 findings from 1 review

Screening for lung cancer 2013 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.91 [0.81, 1.03]
1 study · 154901 participants
High
Screening for lung cancer 2013 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.99 [0.91, 1.07]
1 study · 154901 participants
High

Angiotensin receptor neprilysin inhibitors (ARNIs) vs usual care

Cardiovascular mortality · patients with chronic heart failure with preserved ejection fraction

Angiotensin receptor neprilysin inhibitors (ARNIs) showed no clear difference in cardiovascular mortality (RR) Median compared with usual care (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Beta‐blockers and inhibitors of the renin‐angiotensin aldosterone system for chronic heart failure with preserved… 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.96 [0.79, 1.15]
1 study · 4796 participants
Moderate

Betamethasone vs usual care

Severe maternal morbidity and mortality index · women undergoing planned elective caesarean section at 37 weeks' gestation and beyond for singleton pregnancy

1 finding from 1 review

Antenatal corticosteroids prior to planned caesarean at term for improving neonatal outcomes 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
0 studies · 0 participants
GRADE not reported

Early warning systems (EWS) and rapid response systems (RRS) vs usual care

Hospital mortality – non‐randomised studies ( · adult on acute hospital wards at risk of clinical deterioration

2 findings from 1 review

Early warning systems and rapid response systems for the prevention of patient deterioration on acute adult hospital… 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
AOR 0.52 [0.32, 0.85]
2792 participants
Low
Early warning systems and rapid response systems for the prevention of patient deterioration on acute adult hospital… 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
Very low

Strategies to increase use of antenatal corticosteroids vs usual care

Maternal death · women at risk of preterm birth

Strategies to increase use of antenatal corticosteroids showed no clear difference in maternal mortality (at population level) compared with routine (usual) care (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Strategies for optimising antenatal corticosteroid administration for women with anticipated preterm birth 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 1.11 [0.64, 1.92]
1 study · 99742 participants
Low

Case management vs usual care

Mortality (number of deaths) at 12 months · people with dementia

Case management showed no clear difference in mortality (number of deaths) at 12 months compared with usual care (high certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Case management approaches to home support for people with dementia 2015 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
OR 1 [0.83, 1.2]
8 studies · 6112 participants
High