Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

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Evidence found and GRADE certainty

46 questions · 49 findings · 29 reviews

No studies found 5 · 10.2%GRADE not reported 5 · 10.2%Very low 17 · 34.7%Low 10 · 20.4%Moderate 4 · 8.2%High 8 · 16.3%

PEEP vs zero end‐expiratory pressure (ZEEP) during mechanical ventilation

Postoperative mortality · adult participants given general anaesthesia

It is very uncertain whether PEEP changes postoperative mortality compared with zero end‐expiratory pressure (ZEEP) during mechanical ventilation (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Nocturnal ventilation vs no ventilation

Mortality at 1 year (or more) · patients with neuromuscular and chest wall disorders and chronic hypoventilation

It is very uncertain whether nocturnal ventilation changes mortality at 1 year (or more) compared with no ventilation (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Intervention not reported

Mortality · adults and children with clinical signs and symptoms of acute lower respiratory tract infection

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Volume‐cycled ventilation vs pressure‐cycled ventilation

Mortality at 1 year (or more) Not measured ‐ data reported for mortality at 3 months · patients with neuromuscular and chest wall disorders and chronic hypoventilation

It is very uncertain whether volume‐cycled ventilation changes mortality at 1 year (or more) Not measured ‐ data reported for… compared with pressure‐cycled ventilation (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

CHRONIC: ACEi or ARB vs placebo

All‐cause mortality · Patients undergoing any type of surgery under general anaesthesia receiving ACEIs or ARBs perioperatively

It is very uncertain whether ACEIs or ARBs changes all‐cause mortality compared with placebo (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Perioperative beta‐blockers vs placebo or usual care

Early all‐cause mortality (within 30 days) · adults undergoing non‐cardiac surgery under general anaesthesia (to include: low‐risk, medium‐risk, and high‐risk surgeries)

Perioperative beta‐blockers showed no clear difference in early all‐cause mortality (within 30 days) compared with placebo or standard care (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Nitroglycerin vs no treatment

All‐cause mortality in 30 days post operation · patients (15 years of age and older) undergoing non‐cardiac surgery under any type of anaesthesia

It is very uncertain whether nitroglycerin changes all‐cause mortality in 30 days post operation compared with no treatment (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review