What do systematic reviews say?

Intervention not reported

• Surgery for limited‐stage small‐cell lung cancer 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  2 studies · 290 participants
  Very low

Intervention not reported

It is very uncertain whether the intervention changes hospital or 30‐day mortality (very low certainty).

• Effects of interventions targeting the systemic inflammatory response to cardiac surgery on clinical outcomes in adults 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.78 [0.68, 0.91]
  190 studies · 24817 participants
  Very low

Intraoperative neuromonitoring vs visual nerve identification only during thyroidectomy

• Intraoperative neuromonitoring versus visual nerve identification for prevention of recurrent laryngeal nerve injury… 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  3 studies · 1438 participants
  Moderate

Protocol to increase global blood flow vs control

Protocol to increase global blood flow showed no clear difference in mortality (Hospital or 28‐day) compared with control (low certainty).

• Perioperative increase in global blood flow to explicit defined goals and outcomes following surgery 2012 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.81 [0.65, 1]
  31 studies · 5292 participants
  Low

Intervention not reported

The intervention probably leads to lower long‐term mortality (> 36 months) (moderate certainty).

• Lung volume reduction surgery for diffuse emphysema 2016 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  OR 0.76 [0.61, 0.95]
  2 studies · 1280 participants
  Moderate

Boost vs no boost

Boost showed no clear difference in overall survival: mortality at 5 years compared with no boost (moderate certainty).

• Tumour bed boost radiotherapy for women after breast‐conserving surgery 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  HR 1.04 [0.94, 1.14]
  2 studies · 6342 participants
  Moderate

Cell salvage vs no cell salvage

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Cell salvage for minimising perioperative allogeneic blood transfusion in adults undergoing elective surgery 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  No studies found

Cell salvage vs no cell salvage

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Cell salvage for minimising perioperative allogeneic blood transfusion in adults undergoing elective surgery 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  No studies found

Cell salvage vs no cell salvage

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Cell salvage for minimising perioperative allogeneic blood transfusion in adults undergoing elective surgery 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  No studies found

Hand‐assisted laparoscopic repair vs EVAR

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Laparoscopic surgery for elective abdominal aortic aneurysm repair 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  No studies found

Intervention not reported

The intervention showed no clear difference in all‐cause mortality (death from any cause) (high certainty).

• Perioperative glycaemic control for people with diabetes undergoing surgery 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 1.08 [0.88, 1.33]
  18 studies · 2551 participants
  High

Boost vs no boost

Boost showed no clear difference in disease‐free survival: disease progression/mortality at 5 years compared with no boost (low certainty).

• Tumour bed boost radiotherapy for women after breast‐conserving surgery 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  HR 0.94 [0.87, 1.02]
  3 studies · 6549 participants
  Low