Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

38 questions · 40 findings · 27 reviews · Gynaecology and Fertility

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No studies found 9 · 22.5%GRADE not reported 0 · 0%Very low 10 · 25%Low 17 · 42.5%Moderate 4 · 10%High 0 · 0%

Antioxidants vs Placebo, no intervention or usual care (with or without placebo)

Live birth · women with subfertility

It is very uncertain whether antioxidant(s) changes live birth; antioxidants vs placebo or no treatment/standard… compared with placebo or no treatment/standard treatment (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Antioxidants for female subfertility 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
OR 1.81 [1.36, 2.43]
Studies not reported
Very low

Subcutaneous (Sc) gonadotropin‐releasing hormone (GnRH) agonist vs placebo/no treatment

Live birth · women trying to conceive by intrauterine insemination

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Luteal phase support for women trying to conceive by intrauterine insemination or sexual intercourse 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Non‐pharmaceutical interventions vs placebo or no intervention

Live birth · obese women with subfertility

Non‐pharmacological intervention showed no clear difference in live birth compared with no intervention or placebo (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Pharmacological and non‐pharmacological strategies for obese women with subfertility 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
OR 0.85 [0.65, 1.12]
3 studies · 917 participants
Low

Pharmacological interventions vs placebo or no intervention

Live birth · obese women with subfertility

It is very uncertain whether pharmacological intervention changes live birth compared with no intervention or placebo (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Pharmacological and non‐pharmacological strategies for obese women with subfertility 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
OR 1.57 [0.44, 5.57]
1 study · 65 participants
Very low

Vasodilator vs placebo or no treatment

Live birth · women undergoing fertility treatment

Vasodilator showed no clear difference in live birth compared with placebo or no treatment (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Vasodilators for women undergoing fertility treatment 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 1.18 [0.83, 1.69]
3 studies · 350 participants
Moderate

Myo‐inositol vs Placebo, no intervention or usual care (with or without placebo)

Live birth · subfertile women with polycystic ovary syndrome

It is very uncertain whether myo‐inositol changes live birth compared with placebo, no/standard treatment (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Inositol for subfertile women with polycystic ovary syndrome 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
OR 2.42 [0.75, 7.83]
2 studies · 84 participants
Very low

Mannitol vs placebo / no treatment

Live birth · women at high risk of OHSS

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Volume expanders for the prevention of ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome 2016 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Human albumin vs placebo or no treatment

Live birth · women at high risk of OHSS

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Volume expanders for the prevention of ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome 2016 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

HES vs placebo or no treatment

Live birth · women at high risk of OHSS

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Volume expanders for the prevention of ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome 2016 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Low‐dose aspirin vs placebo or no treatment

Live birth · women with subfertility

Low‐dose aspirin showed no clear difference in live birth compared with placebo or no treatment (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Aspirin for in vitro fertilisation 2016 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.91 [0.72, 1.15]
3 studies · 1053 participants
Moderate

Any anti‐adhesion therapy vs placebo or no treatment following operative hysteroscopy

Live birth · women treated by operative hysteroscopy for uterine pathology associated with subfertility or adverse pregnancy outcome

It is very uncertain whether any anti‐adhesion therapy changes live birth a compared with placebo or no treatment following operative hysteroscopy (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Anti‐adhesion therapy following operative hysteroscopy for treatment of female subfertility 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
OR 0.94 [0.42, 2.12]
2 studies · 107 participants
Very low

Progesterone vs placebo/no treatment

Live birth rate · women with gonadotropin plus oral (clomiphene citrate or letrozole) stimulation

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Luteal phase support for women trying to conceive by intrauterine insemination or sexual intercourse 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Dopamine agonist vs placebo or no intervention

Live birth rate · women undergoing assisted reproduction

Dopamine agonist showed no clear difference in live birth rate compared with placebo/no intervention (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Dopamine agonists for preventing ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
OR 0.96 [0.6, 1.55]
3 studies · 362 participants
Low

Hydroflotation agents vs no hydroflotation agents (or placebo)

Live birth rate · women having gynaecological surgery

Hydroflotation agents showed no clear difference in live birth rate compared with no hydroflotation agents (or placebo) (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Fluid and pharmacological agents for adhesion prevention after gynaecological surgery 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
OR 0.67 [0.29, 1.58]
2 studies · 208 participants
Low

Steroids vs no steroids (or placebo)

Live birth rate · women after gynaecological surgery

Steroids (any route) may leads to lower live birth rate compared with no steroids (or placebo) (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Fluid and pharmacological agents for adhesion prevention after gynaecological surgery 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
OR 0.65
2 studies · 223 participants
Low

Gel agents vs no gel agents (or placebo)

Live birth rate · women having gynaecological surgery

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Fluid and pharmacological agents for adhesion prevention after gynaecological surgery 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

GnRH agonists vs placebo

Live birth rate · women undergoing embryo transfer with frozen embryos or embryos derived from donor oocytes

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Endometrial preparation for women undergoing embryo transfer with frozen embryos or embryos derived from donor oocytes 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Glucocorticoid supplementation vs placebo

Live birth rate · Women undergoing IVF/ICSI cycles

Glucocorticoid supplementation showed no clear difference in live birth rate compared with placebo (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Glucocorticoid supplementation during ovarian stimulation for IVF or ICSI 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
OR 1.08 [0.45, 2.58]
2 studies · 212 participants
Low

Acupuncture around the time of oocyte retrieval vs control or sham

Live birth rate · women undergoing assisted reproduction

Acupuncture around the time of oocyte retrieval showed no clear difference in live birth rate compared with control (sham, placebo, no acupuncture) (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Acupuncture and assisted reproductive technology 2013 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
OR 0.87 [0.59, 1.29]
2 studies · 464 participants
Low

Pentoxifylline vs placebo

Live birth rate · women with endometriosis

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Pentoxifylline for the treatment of endometriosis‐associated pain and infertility 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found