Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

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Evidence found and GRADE certainty

102 questions · 102 findings · 43 reviews · Headline outcomes only

No studies found 10 · 9.8%GRADE not reported 3 · 2.9%Very low 64 · 62.7%Low 15 · 14.7%Moderate 9 · 8.8%High 1 · 1%

Maintenance treatment with antipsychotic drugs vs placebo/no treatment

Acceptability of treatment ‐ leaving the study early · schizophrenia

Maintenance treatment with antipsychotic drugs leads to lower leaving the study early: due to any reason (acceptability of… compared with placebo/no treatment (high certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Group C other: integrated treatment vs usual care

Satisfaction with treatment: leaving the study early Endpoint data (events) · people in the prodromal stage of psychosis

It is very uncertain whether group C other: integrated treatment changes satisfaction with treatment: leaving the study early Endpoint data… compared with standard treatment (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Group C other: family treatment vs enhanced care

Satisfaction with treatment: leaving the study early FACT Long‐term · people in the prodromal stage of psychosis

It is very uncertain whether group C other: family treatment changes satisfaction with treatment: leaving the study early FACT Long‐term compared with enhanced care (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

BENZODIAZEPINES AS SOLE TREATMENT vs placebo

Unacceptability of treatment (drop-outs / leaving study early) · patients with schizophrenia

It is very uncertain whether BENZODIAZEPINES AS SOLE TREATMENT changes leaving the study early due to any reason (overall acceptability of… compared with PLACEBO (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Non‐integrated models of care ‐ Assertive community treatment only/Intensive case management/Specialised case management services vs usual care

Lost to treatment · people with both severe mental illness and substance misuse

It is very uncertain whether non‐integrated models of care ‐ Assertive community treatment… changes leaving the study early: Lost to treatment compared with standard care (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

ECT plus standard care vs usual care

Satisfaction and acceptability of treatment (medium term) ‐ leaving the study early · people with treatment‐resistant schizophrenia

It is very uncertain whether ECT plus standard care changes satisfaction and acceptability of treatment (medium term) ‐ leaving… compared with standard care (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

CLOZAPINE + AMISULPIRIDE vs CLOZAPINE + QUETIAPINE (Genc 2007)

Leaving the study early · people with treatment‐resistant schizophrenia

It is very uncertain whether CLOZAPINE + AMISULPIRIDE changes leaving the study early: acceptability of treatment ‐ as measured by… compared with CLOZAPINE + QUETIAPINE (Genc 2007) (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

CLOZAPINE + ZIPRASIDONE vs CLOZAPINE + QUETIAPINE (Wen 2015)

Leaving the study early · people with treatment‐resistant schizophrenia

It is very uncertain whether CLOZAPINE + ZIPRASIDONE changes leaving the study early: acceptability of treatment ‐ as measured by… compared with CLOZAPINE + QUETIAPINE (Wen 2015) (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

CLOZAPINE + RISPERIDONE vs CLOZAPINE + ZIPRASIDONE (Kuwilsky 2010)

Acceptability of treatment ‐ leaving the study early · people with treatment‐resistant schizophrenia

It is very uncertain whether CLOZAPINE + RISPERIDONE changes leaving the study early: acceptability of treatment ‐ as measured by… compared with CLOZAPINE + ZIPRASIDONE (Kuwilsky 2010) (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

CLOZAPINE + ARIPIPRAZOLE vs CLOZAPINE + HALOPERIDOL (Cipriani 2013)

Acceptability of treatment ‐ leaving the study early · people with treatment‐resistant schizophrenia

It is very uncertain whether CLOZAPINE + ARIPIPRAZOLE changes leaving the study early: acceptability of treatment ‐ as measured by… compared with CLOZAPINE + HALOPERIDOL (Cipriani 2013) (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Sildenafil vs placebo

Leaving the study early · patients with sexual dysfunction due to antipsychotic drug therapy

It is very uncertain whether ADJUNCTIVE TREATMENT ‐ SPECIFIC: SILDENAFIL changes leaving the study early compared with PLACEBO (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Anticholinergic medication vs other treatments

Leaving the study early · chronic schizophrenia patients with antipsychotic‐induced tardive dyskinesia

It is very uncertain whether anticholinergic medication changes acceptability of the treatment: leaving the study early compared with other treatments (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review