What do systematic reviews say?

Co‐bedding vs separate care

• Co‐bedding in neonatal nursery for promoting growth and neurodevelopment in stable preterm twins 2016 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  1 study · 6 participants
  Very low

Intervention not reported

• Chewing gum for postoperative recovery of gastrointestinal function 2015 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  50 studies · 5278 participants
  Moderate

Etomidate vs all other induction agents

• Single induction dose of etomidate versus other induction agents for endotracheal intubation in critically ill patients 2015 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  2 studies · 152 participants
  Moderate

Intervention not reported

• Preoperative carbohydrate treatment for enhancing recovery after elective surgery 2014 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  19 studies · 1351 participants
  Very low

Daily sedation interruption vs usual care or protocolized sedation strategies that do not include daily sedation interruption

Daily sedation interruption showed no clear difference in hospital length of stay (days) compared with usual care or protocolized sedation strategies that do not include… (moderate certainty).

• Daily sedation interruption versus no daily sedation interruption for critically ill adult patients requiring invasive… 2014 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  8 studies · 1232 participants
  Moderate

Intervention not reported

The intervention showed no clear difference in hospital length of stay (days) (high certainty).

• Automated versus non‐automated weaning for reducing the duration of mechanical ventilation for critically ill adults… 2014 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  7 studies · 749 participants
  High

Intervention not reported

• Intravenous magnesium sulfate for treating adults with acute asthma in the emergency department 2014 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  3 studies · 949 participants
  Low

Hepatic resection vs radiofrequency ablation

• Radiofrequency (thermal) ablation versus no intervention or other interventions for hepatocellular carcinoma 2013 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  3 studies · 578 participants
  High

Intervention not reported

• Telemedicine for the support of parents of high‐risk newborn infants 2012 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  1 study · 56 participants
  Very low

Intervention not reported

• Airway clearance techniques for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease 2012 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  3 studies · 171 participants
  Low

Artificial bone graft: InFuse (collagen matrix) impregnated with rhBMP-2 vs Traditional iliac crest cancellous bone graft

Artificial bone graft: InFuse (collagen matrix) impregnated with… led to lower length of hospital stay (days) compared with traditional iliac crest cancellous bone graft; GRADE not reported.

• Secondary bone grafting for alveolar cleft in children with cleft lip or cleft lip and palate 2011 · Cochrane All outcomes
  MD -1.40 [-1.92, -0.88]
  1 study · 21 participants
  GRADE not reported

Transfer from incubator to cot at lower vs higher body weight

• Transfer of preterm infants from incubator to open cot at lower versus higher body weight 2011 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  2 studies · 276 participants
  High

Nebulised hypertonic saline vs nebulised 0.9% saline

• Nebulised hypertonic saline solution for acute bronchiolitis in infants 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  21 studies · 2479 participants
  Low

Dietary advice vs oral nutritional supplements

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Dietary advice with or without oral nutritional supplements for disease‐related malnutrition in adults 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  No studies found

Restricted vs standard fluid management

• Fluid restriction in the management of transient tachypnea of the newborn 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  1 study · 80 participants
  Very low

Sildenafil plus iNO vs placebo plus iNO

• Sildenafil for pulmonary hypertension in neonates 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  1 study · 24 participants
  Low

Any intervention vs control

• Psychological preparation and postoperative outcomes for adults undergoing surgery under general anaesthesia 2016 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  36 studies · 3313 participants
  Low

Early vs delayed laparoscopic appendicectomy

It is very uncertain whether early changes total length of hospital stay (days) compared with delayed laparoscopic appendicectomy (very low certainty).

• Early versus delayed appendicectomy for appendiceal phlegmon or abscess 2024 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  1 study · 40 participants
  Very low

Early vs delayed open or laparoscopic appendicectomy

It is very uncertain whether early changes total length of hospital stay (days) compared with delayed open or laparoscopic appendicectomy (very low certainty).

• Early versus delayed appendicectomy for appendiceal phlegmon or abscess 2024 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  5 studies · 680 participants
  Very low

Intervention not reported

The intervention showed no clear difference in total length of hospital stay (days) (low certainty).

• Fibrin sealants for the prevention of postoperative pancreatic fistula following pancreatic surgery 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  4 studies · 447 participants
  Low