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Evidence found and GRADE certainty

276 questions · 281 findings · 150 reviews · Headline outcomes only

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No studies found 37 · 13.2%GRADE not reported 9 · 3.2%Very low 84 · 29.9%Low 85 · 30.2%Moderate 47 · 16.7%High 19 · 6.8%

Pre‐emptive antifungal therapy vs empirical antifungal therapy

All‐cause mortality · people with cancer who have febrile neutropenia

Pre‐emptive antifungal therapy showed no clear difference in all‐cause mortality compared with empirical antifungal therapy (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Duplex ultrasound plus pulse palpation and arterial pressure index (ABI or TBI) vs pulse palpation plus arterial pressure index (ABI or TBI) (short term)

All‐cause mortality · people who underwent a lower limb revascularisation

Duplex ultrasound plus pulse palpation and arterial pressure index… showed no clear difference in all‐cause mortality compared with pulse palpation plus arterial pressure index (ABI or TBI) (short term) (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Inositol supplementation IV initially followed by enteral administration (repeat doses of 80 mg/kg/day) in preterm infants born at less than 30 weeks' PMA vs placebo

All‐cause mortality (outcome collected through first event: death, hospital discharge, hospital transfer, or 120 days after birth) · preterm infants with or at risk of respiratory distress syndrome

Inositol supplementation IV initially followed by enteral… showed no clear difference in all‐cause mortality (outcome collected through first event: death,… compared with placebo (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Preoperative inspiratory muscle training vs usual care, non‐exercise intervention

Mortality In the early postoperative period (≤ 30 days) · adult participants undergoing cardiac and major abdominal surgery

It is very uncertain whether preoperative inspiratory muscle training changes all‐cause mortality within 30 days during postoperative period compared with usual care, non‐exercise intervention (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Bubble vs ventilator or Infant Flow Driver nasal continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP)

Mortality before hospital discharge · preterm infants receiving nasal CPAP

Bubble showed no clear difference in all‐cause mortality before hospital discharge compared with ventilator or Infant Flow Driver nasal continuous positive airway… (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) plus best supportive care vs best supportive care

All‐cause mortality ‐ after 24 months Number of participants: 287(2 RCTs)

It is very uncertain whether continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) plus best supportive care changes all‐cause mortality ‐ after 24 months Number of participants: 287(2… compared with best supportive care (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Summary of findings table ‐ Methylprednisolone vs dexamethasone

All‐cause mortality up to 30 days · hospitalised and unvaccinated individuals with a confirmed or suspected diagnosis of symptomatic COVID‐19

It is very uncertain whether summary of findings table ‐ Methylprednisolone changes all‐cause mortality up to 30 days compared with dexamethasone (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review