What do systematic reviews say?

Summary of findings table ‐ Quality and volume of gastric residual vs quality of gastric residual alone

Summary of findings table ‐ Quality and volume of gastric residual showed no clear difference in all‐cause mortality before hospital discharge compared with quality of gastric residual alone (low certainty).

• Routine monitoring of gastric residual for prevention of necrotising enterocolitis in preterm infants 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 3.21 [0.13, 76.67]
  1 study · 87 participants
  Low

Erythromycin plus nasogastric tube lavage vs no intervention/placebo plus nasogastric tube lavage

It is very uncertain whether erythromycin plus nasogastric tube lavage changes all‐cause mortality compared with no intervention/placebo plus nasogastric tube lavage (very low certainty).

• Erythromycin prior to endoscopy for acute upper gastrointestinal haemorrhage 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  3 studies · 238 participants
  Very low

Erythromycin plus nasogastric tube lavage vs metoclopramide plus nasogastric tube lavage

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Erythromycin prior to endoscopy for acute upper gastrointestinal haemorrhage 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  No studies found

Perioperative restrictive fluid therapy vs goal‐directed fluid therapy

It is very uncertain whether perioperative restrictive fluid therapy changes all‐cause mortality (during longest compared with goal‐directed fluid therapy (very low certainty).

• Perioperative restrictive versus goal‐directed fluid therapy for adults undergoing major non‐cardiac surgery 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RD 0.03 [0, 0.06]
  6 studies · 544 participants
  Very low

Fibre‐enriched enteral nutrition vs control

It is very uncertain whether fibre‐enriched enteral nutrition changes all‐cause mortality compared with control (very low certainty).

• Enteral nutrition formulations for acute pancreatitis 2015 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.23 [0.03, 1.84]
  2 studies · 103 participants
  Very low

Hypocaloric nutrition vs control

• Prescribed hypocaloric nutrition support for critically‐ill adults 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  7 studies · 2611 participants
  Very low

Human recombinant activated protein C vs placebo

Human recombinant activated protein C showed no clear difference in 28‐Day all‐cause mortality (adult and paediatric patients) compared with placebo (moderate certainty).

• Human recombinant protein C for severe sepsis and septic shock in adult and paediatric patients 2012 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 1 [0.86, 1.16]
  6 studies · 6781 participants
  Moderate

IVIg vs placebo or no intervention

Polyclonal intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) probably leads to lower all‐cause mortality, adults, IgM‐enriched polyclonal IVIG compared with placebo or no intervention (moderate certainty).

• Intravenous immunoglobulin for treating sepsis, severe sepsis and septic shock 2013 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.66 [0.51, 0.85]
  7 studies · 528 participants
  Moderate
• Intravenous immunoglobulin for treating sepsis, severe sepsis and septic shock 2013 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.82 [0.56, 1.19]
  2 studies · 262 participants
  Moderate

IVIg vs placebo or no intervention

Polyclonal intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) showed no clear difference in all‐cause mortality, neonates, IgM‐enriched polyclonal IVIG compared with placebo or no intervention (low certainty).

• Intravenous immunoglobulin for treating sepsis, severe sepsis and septic shock 2013 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.57 [0.31, 1.04]
  3 studies · 164 participants
  Low

Sildenafil vs Placebo or no active treatment

Sildenafil citrate showed no clear difference in all‐cause mortality compared with placebo or no therapy (moderate certainty).

• Interventions affecting the nitric oxide pathway versus placebo or no therapy for fetal growth restriction in pregnancy 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 1.01 [0.8, 1.27]
  5 studies · 516 participants
  Moderate

Sildenafil vs IV nitroglycerin

• Interventions affecting the nitric oxide pathway versus placebo or no therapy for fetal growth restriction in pregnancy 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  1 study · 23 participants
  Low

Tadalafil vs Placebo or no active treatment

Tadalafil showed no clear difference in all‐cause mortality compared with placebo or no therapy (low certainty).

• Interventions affecting the nitric oxide pathway versus placebo or no therapy for fetal growth restriction in pregnancy 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.2 [0.02, 1.6]
  1 study · 87 participants
  Low

Nitroglycerin vs Placebo or no active treatment

• Interventions affecting the nitric oxide pathway versus placebo or no therapy for fetal growth restriction in pregnancy 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  1 study · 23 participants
  Low

Pre‐emptive antifungal therapy vs empirical antifungal therapy

Pre‐emptive antifungal therapy showed no clear difference in all‐cause mortality compared with empirical antifungal therapy (low certainty).

• Pre‐emptive antifungal therapy versus empirical antifungal therapy for febrile neutropenia in people with cancer 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.97 [0.72, 1.3]
  6 studies · 1459 participants
  Low

Heparin vs pentasaccharide

• Pharmacological interventions for preventing venous thromboembolism in people undergoing bariatric surgery 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  1 study · 198 participants
  Very low

Heparin started before vs after the surgical procedure

• Pharmacological interventions for preventing venous thromboembolism in people undergoing bariatric surgery 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  1 study · 100 participants
  Very low

IPC plus pharmacological prophylaxis vs mechanical prophylaxis alone

• Pharmacological interventions for preventing venous thromboembolism in people undergoing bariatric surgery 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  1 study · 150 participants
  Low

Higher‐dose heparin vs standard‐dose heparin

• Pharmacological interventions for preventing venous thromboembolism in people undergoing bariatric surgery 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  4 studies · 597 participants
  Low

Band ligation vs no intervention or a sham procedure

It is very uncertain whether band ligation changes all‐cause mortality compared with sham or no intervention (very low certainty).

• Band ligation versus sham or no intervention for primary prophylaxis of oesophageal variceal bleeding in children and… 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 2.54 [0.11, 56.25]
  1 study · 22 participants
  Very low

Antihypertensive drug therapy vs placebo or no treatment

It is very uncertain whether antihypertensive therapy changes all‐cause mortality compared with placebo or no treatment (very low certainty).

• Pharmacotherapy for hypertension‐induced left ventricular hypertrophy 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 1.02 [0.74, 1.4]
  3 studies · 930 participants
  Very low