Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

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Evidence found and GRADE certainty

205 questions · 206 findings · 70 reviews · Headline outcomes only

No studies found 42 · 20.4%GRADE not reported 14 · 6.8%Very low 69 · 33.5%Low 49 · 23.8%Moderate 28 · 13.6%High 4 · 1.9%

Antibiotic 1 vs antibiotic 2

Adverse events: cotrimoxazole (1) versus cefprozil (2) · children with primarily normal renal tracts who have experienced at least one UTI

Antibiotic 1 showed no clear difference in adverse events: cotrimoxazole (1) versus cefprozil (2) compared with antibiotic 2 (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Antibiotic 1 vs antibiotic 2

Adverse events: nitrofurantoin (1) versus trimethoprim (2) · children with primarily normal renal tracts who have experienced at least one UTI

Antibiotic 1 may leads to higher adverse events: nitrofurantoin (1) versus trimethoprim (2) compared with antibiotic 2 (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Antibiotics vs placebo

Serious adverse events WMD of · Adults (aged 40 or over) with COPD presenting with 1 or more exacerbations in the previous year. The 2 larger studies (Albert 2011; Sethi…

Antibiotics showed no clear difference in serious adverse events WMD of compared with placebo (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Antibiotics vs placebo compared

Adverse effects of antibiotics · children, aged 2 to 59 months, with WHO‐defined non‐severe pneumonia and wheeze

Antibiotic therapy showed no clear difference in treatment harms (adverse events or side effects associated with… compared with placebo compared to placebo (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Antibiotics vs no drug or placebo

Other adverse events clinical criteria · patients with Shigella dysentery

It is very uncertain whether antibiotic changes other adverse events clinical criteria compared with no drug or placebo (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Lipopeptide antibiotic (daptomycin) vs aminoglycoside (low‐dose gentamicin) plus anti‐staphylococcal penicillin (nafcillin, oxacillin or flucloxacillin) or glycopeptide antibiotic (vancomycin)

Adverse events1 · people with endocarditis caused by Staphylococcus aureus

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review