Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

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Evidence found and GRADE certainty

1,041 questions · 1,056 findings · 283 reviews

No studies found 346 · 32.8%GRADE not reported 111 · 10.5%Very low 326 · 30.9%Low 195 · 18.5%Moderate 66 · 6.3%High 12 · 1.1%

Calcineurin inhibitor vs IV cyclophosphamide

Discontinuation of medication due to adverse events · idiopathic steroid‐resistant nephrotic syndrome in children

Calcineurin inhibitor probably leads to lower adverse events: medications ceased due to adverse events compared with IV cyclophosphamide (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Locking plate vs locking intramedullary nail

Adverse events: number of participants with complications · adults undergoing surgery for displaced proximal humeral fracturesa (2 trials)

It is very uncertain whether locking plate changes adverse events: number of participants with complications compared with locking intramedullary nail (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Reverse total shoulder arthroplasty (RTSA) vs hemiarthroplasty

Adverse events: number of participants with complications · adults undergoing surgery for displaced proximal humeral fracturesa (2 trials)

It is very uncertain whether reverse total shoulder arthroplasty (RTSA) changes adverse events: number of participants with complications compared with hemiarthroplasty (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Single‐fraction radiotherapy (8 Gy) vs short‐course radiotherapy (16 Gy

Adverse events Grade 3 oesophagitis, diarrhoea and nausea · adults with metastatic extradural spinal cord compression (poor prognosis with visceral metastasis, and no spinal instability or bony…

Single‐fraction radiotherapy (8 Gy) showed no clear difference in adverse events Grade 3 oesophagitis, diarrhoea and nausea compared with short‐course radiotherapy (16 Gy (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Induced hypertension vs placebo or no intervention

Proportion of participants with ≥ 1 serious adverse events · people with acute subarachnoid haemorrhage

It is very uncertain whether induced hypertension changes proportion of participants with ≥ 1 serious adverse events compared with placebo or no intervention (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Azathioprine vs methotrexate

Adverse event causing death or study drug discontinuation · adults with renal vasculitis for maintenance therapy

Azathioprine showed no clear difference in adverse events causing death or study drug discontinuation compared with methotrexate (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Intervention not reported

Adverse events ‐ total of adverse events (Skin irritation) · patients with fractures of the middle third of the clavicle

The intervention showed no clear difference in adverse events ‐ total of adverse events (Skin irritation) (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Split‐course radiotherapy (8 fractions, 30 Gy) vs short‐course radiotherapy (16 Gy

Adverse events Grade 3 oesophagitis, diarrhoea and nausea · adults with metastatic extradural spinal cord compression (poor prognosis, no spinal instability or bony impingement of cord)

Split‐course radiotherapy (8 fractions, 30 Gy) showed no clear difference in adverse events Grade 3 oesophagitis, diarrhoea, and nausea compared with short‐course radiotherapy (2 fractions, 16 Gy) (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review