Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

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Evidence found and GRADE certainty

458 questions · 473 findings · 205 reviews

No studies found 128 · 27.1%GRADE not reported 49 · 10.4%Very low 142 · 30%Low 106 · 22.4%Moderate 36 · 7.6%High 12 · 2.5%

Amifostine vs no treatment/placebo

Adverse effects (other reported events) · Patients receiving radiotherapy on its own or in addition to chemotherapy to the head and neck region
1 finding from 1 review

Pilocarpine vs no treatment/placebo

Adverse effects (other reported events) · Patients receiving radiotherapy on its own or in addition to chemotherapy to the head and neck region
1 finding from 1 review

Primary comparison for continuous passive motion (CPM) vs no CPM

Adverse events (a count of reported harms or adverse events/experiences over life of study/ · hospitalised patients who have undergone knee replacement surgery

Primary comparison for continuous passive motion (CPM) showed no clear difference in adverse events Counts of adverse events compared with no CPM (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Electrical or magnetic stimulation vs no treatment, sham treatment or verbal/written instruction

Number of participants experiencing surface or skin‐related adverse events: e.g. skin reactions, bruising, hypersensitivity to gel · men with urinary incontinence following prostate surgery

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Pelvic floor muscle training (PFMT) plus biofeedback vs no treatment, sham treatment or verbal/written instruction

Number of participants experiencing surface or skin‐related adverse events: e.g. skin reactions, bruising, hypersensitivity to gel · men with urinary incontinence following prostate surgery
1 finding from 1 review

Intervention not reported

Behavioural outcome: adherence to medication or composite outcome (medication adherence and rate of adverse events) ATCS Plus versus usual care · patients with various conditions or at risk of low adherence to medication or laboratory tests
1 finding from 1 review

Intervention not reported

Adverse outcome: unintended adverse events attributable to the intervention Multimodal/complex intervention, ATCS Plus, IVR, unidirectional versus various controls · patients with various conditions or at risk of low adherence to medication or laboratory tests

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Epidural analgesia vs intravenous patient‐controlled analgesia

Adverse events (assessed at any time during · adults having abdominal surgery

Epidural analgesia showed no clear difference in adverse events (assessed at any time during compared with intravenous patient‐controlled analgesia (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Intervention not reported

Death and serious adverse events, including falls · participants after stroke
1 finding from 1 review

Intervention not reported

Death and serious adverse events, including falls · participants after stroke
1 finding from 1 review