Cochrane · systematic review · CD011530
Antibiotics for preventing lower respiratory tract infections in high‐risk children aged 12 years and under
Onakpoya, IJ, Hayward, G, Heneghan, CJ · Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews · 2015 · Cochrane Library
Acute Respiratory InfectionsAMSTAR 2: not assessed
SoF tableOnly the outcomes this review put in its Summary of Findings table are listed (the Cochrane Handbook caps them at about seven per comparison). Its other analyses are not shown here.
Questions
13
current version
GRADE rated
13
No studies
0
Included studies
NR
No studies 0 · 0%Ungraded 0 · 0%Very low 0 · 0%Low 1 · 7.7%Moderate 11 · 84.6%High 1 · 7.7%
Ungraded means an effect was reported without a GRADE rating; it is not a gap. No studies means the review found nothing to answer the question. The six categories are a display order, not a score.
Questions and results
Effect of antibiotic prophylaxis in children with HIV infection
Population: children with HIV infection aged 12 years and under
| Outcome | Effect | Evidence | Status / GRADE |
|---|---|---|---|
Incidence of pulmonary tuberculosis in children with HIV infection ‐ isoniazid prophylaxis only | RR 0.64 [0.32, 1.29] | 2 studies · 810 participants | Moderate Downgraded: imprecision, inconsistency |
Mortality in children with HIV infection ‐ overall | RR 0.82 [0.46, 1.46] | 3 studies · 1344 participants | Moderate Downgraded: risk of bias, imprecision, inconsistency |
Mortality in children with HIV infection ‐ co‐trimoxazole prophylaxis only | RR 0.67 [0.53, 0.85] | 1 study · 534 participants | Moderate Downgraded: risk of bias, imprecision, inconsistency |
Mortality in children with HIV infection ‐ isoniazid prophylaxis only | RR 0.92 [0.31, 2.77] | 2 studies · 810 participants | Low Downgraded: risk of bias, imprecision, inconsistency |
Incidence of adverse events ‐ overall | RR 1.1 [0.75, 1.64] | 3 studies · 1344 participants | Moderate Downgraded: risk of bias, imprecision, inconsistency |
Incidence of adverse events ‐ co‐trimoxazole prophylaxis only | RR 0.9 [0.47, 1.73] | 1 study · 534 participants | Moderate Downgraded: risk of bias, imprecision, inconsistency |
Incidence of adverse events ‐ isoniazid prophylaxis only | RR 1.09 [0.55, 2.19] | 2 studies · 810 participants | Moderate Downgraded: risk of bias, imprecision, inconsistency |
Effect of antibiotic prophylaxis in children with cystic fibrosis
Population: children with cystic fibrosis aged 12 years and under
| Outcome | Effect | Evidence | Status / GRADE |
|---|---|---|---|
Incidence of Pseudomonas infection in children with cystic fibrosis ‐ ciprofloxacin prophylaxis only | RR 0.76 [0.44, 1.31] | 2 studies · 106 participants | Moderate Downgraded: imprecision, inconsistency |
Mean FEV1 % predicted | no estimate extracted | 4 studies · 418 participants | Moderate Downgraded: imprecision, inconsistency |
Mean FEV1 % predicted ‐ azithromycin prophylaxis only | no estimate extracted | 2 studies · 312 participants | Moderate Downgraded: imprecision, inconsistency |
Mean FEV1 % predicted ‐ ciprofloxacin prophylaxis only | no estimate extracted | 2 studies · 106 participants | Moderate Downgraded: imprecision, inconsistency |
Episodes of pulmonary exacerbations ‐ azithromycin prophylaxis only | RR 0.6 [0.48, 0.76] | 2 studies · 323 participants | High |
Effect of antibiotic prophylaxis in children with cancer
Population: children with cancers aged 12 years and under
| Outcome | Effect | Evidence | Status / GRADE |
|---|---|---|---|
Incidence of Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia infection in children with cancer ‐ trimethoprim‐sulfamethoxazole prophylaxis only | RR 0.03 [0, 0.47] | 1 study · 160 participants | Moderate Downgraded: indirectness |