Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

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Evidence found and GRADE certainty

68 questions · 69 findings · 22 reviews

No studies found 12 · 17.4%GRADE not reported 15 · 21.7%Very low 29 · 42%Low 12 · 17.4%Moderate 1 · 1.4%High 0 · 0%

Probiotics vs placebo

Withdrawals due to adverse events · induction of remission in Crohn's disease

It is very uncertain whether probiotics changes adverse events leading to withdrawal compared with placebo (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Probiotics vs placebo

Adverse events (serious adverse reaction and adverse reaction) · children and adults with CF

Probiotics showed no clear difference in adverse events (serious adverse reaction and adverse reaction) compared with placebo (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Probiotics used as adjuvants to conventional antifungal drugs vs conventional antifungal drugs

Rate of serious adverse events · non‐pregnant women with vulvovaginal candidiasis

Probiotics used as adjuvants to conventional antifungal drugs showed no clear difference in rate of serious adverse events compared with conventional antifungal drugs (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Intervention not reported

Adverse events · Children receiving antibiotic treatment between 4 and 28 days duration for a variety of infections

The intervention showed no clear difference in adverse events (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review