Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

33 questions · 33 findings · 20 reviews · Headline outcomes only

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No studies found 3 · 9.1%GRADE not reported 4 · 12.1%Very low 10 · 30.3%Low 6 · 18.2%Moderate 10 · 30.3%High 0 · 0%

STANDARD‐HIGHER DOSE (greater than or equal to 6‐<10 mg/day) vs ANY DOSE ‐ short term

Adverse effects: 5a. Movement disorders ‐ specific symptoms ‐ EPS: unspecified ‐ versus high dose ( greater than or equal to 10 mg) · patients with schizophrenia

STANDARD‐HIGHER DOSE (greater than or equal to 6‐<10 mg/day) probably leads to lower adverse effects: EPS: unspecified ‐ Versus high dose (greater than… compared with ANY DOSE ‐ short term (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Risperidone dose for schizophrenia 2009 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.56 [0.31, 0.99]
2 studies · 261 participants
Moderate

HIGH DOSE (greater than or equal to 10 mg/day) vs ANY DOSE ‐ short term

Adverse effects: 5a. Movement disorders ‐ specific symptoms ‐ EPS: unspecified ‐ versus standard‐higher dose (greater than or equal to 6‐<10 mg/day) · patients with schizophrenia

HIGH DOSE (greater than or equal to 10 mg/day) probably leads to higher adverse effects: EPS: unspecified ‐ when compared with… compared with ANY DOSE ‐ short term (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Risperidone dose for schizophrenia 2009 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 1.79 [1.01, 3.18]
2 studies · 261 participants
Moderate

High‐dose vs low‐dose coenzyme Q10 and vitamin E

Adverse effects (during study) · people with speech disorder resulting from hereditary ataxias

1 finding from 1 review

Treatment for speech disorder in Friedreich ataxia and other hereditary ataxia syndromes 2014 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 50 participants
GRADE not reported

Daily conventionally fractionated radiotherapy vs supportive care

Adverse effects · high‐grade glioma

1 finding from 1 review

External beam radiation dose escalation for high grade glioma 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
3 studies · 289 participants
GRADE not reported

Hypofractionated radiotherapy vs daily conventionally fractionated radiotherapy

Adverse effects · high‐grade glioma

1 finding from 1 review

External beam radiation dose escalation for high grade glioma 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
4 studies · 848 participants
GRADE not reported

First‐line high‐dose thiazide vs placebo

Withdrawals due to adverse events · adults with primary hypertension

1 finding from 1 review

First‐line drugs for hypertension 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
7 studies · 15170 participants
Low

Summary of findings ‐ high‐dose pancreatic enzymes vs low‐dose pancreatic enzymes

Adverse effects: abdominal mass · adults and children with cystic fibrosis

1 finding from 1 review

Interventions for treating distal intestinal obstruction syndrome (DIOS) in cystic fibrosis 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 20 participants
Very low

Summary of findings ‐ high‐dose pancreatic enzymes vs low‐dose pancreatic enzymes

Abdominal pain · adults and children with cystic fibrosis

1 finding from 1 review

Interventions for treating distal intestinal obstruction syndrome (DIOS) in cystic fibrosis 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 20 participants
Very low

Higher BP target (< 150‐160/95‐105 mmHg) vs lower BP target (< 140/90 mmHg)

Withdrawals due to adverse events · older adults with primary hypertension

Higher BP target (< 150‐160/95‐105 mmHg) showed no clear difference in withdrawals due to adverse effects compared with lower BP target (< 140/90 mmHg) (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Blood pressure targets for hypertension in older adults 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.83 [0.58, 1.19]
2 studies · 7497 participants
Low

ZUCLOPENTHIXOL ACETATE (HIGH DOSE) vs ZUCLOPENTHIXOL ACETATE (LOW DOSE)

Adverse effects/events ‐ extrapyramidal symptoms ‐ medium term Number of instances of extrapyramidal symptoms · patients with acute schizophrenia and similar serious mental illnesses

ZUCLOPENTHIXOL ACETATE (HIGH DOSE) showed no clear difference in adverse effects: 1. Extrapyramidal side effects (TESS) compared with ZUCLOPENTHIXOL ACETATE (LOW DOSE) (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Zuclopenthixol acetate for acute schizophrenia and similar serious mental illnesses 2012 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 2.33 [0.74, 7.35]
1 study · 30 participants
Low

FLUPENTHIXOL DECANOATE HIGH DOSE vs FLUPENTHIXOL DECANOATE STANDARD DOSE (˜40 mg/IM)

Adverse effects: general ‐ movement disorders ‐ requiring anticholinergic medication ‐ short term Numbers requiring anticholinergic medication · patients with schizophrenia or related psychoses

1 finding from 1 review

Flupenthixol decanoate (depot) for schizophrenia or other similar psychotic disorders 2014 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
2 studies · 47 participants
Very low

HIGH DOSE (greater than or equal to 10 mg/day) vs ANY DOSE ‐ short term

Adverse effects: 6. Movement disorders ‐ specific symptoms ‐ EPS: unspecified ‐ versus low dose (greater than or equal to 2‐<4 mg/day) · patients with schizophrenia

HIGH DOSE (greater than or equal to 10 mg/day) probably leads to higher adverse effects: EPS: unspecified ‐ when compared with low dose… compared with ANY DOSE ‐ short term (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Risperidone dose for schizophrenia 2009 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 2.22 [1.19, 4.14]
2 studies · 262 participants
Moderate

STANDARD‐HIGHER DOSE (greater than or equal to 6‐<10 mg/day) vs ANY DOSE ‐ short term

Adverse effects: 6. Movement disorders ‐ specific symptoms ‐ EPS: unspecified ‐ versus low dose (greater than or equal to 2‐<4 mg/day) · patients with schizophrenia

STANDARD‐HIGHER DOSE (greater than or equal to 6‐<10 mg/day) showed no clear difference in adverse effects: EPS: unspecified ‐ Versus low dose (greater than or… compared with ANY DOSE ‐ short term (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Risperidone dose for schizophrenia 2009 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 1.24 [0.57, 2.69]
2 studies · 173 participants
Moderate

STANDARD‐HIGHER DOSE (greater than or equal to 6‐<10 mg/day) vs ANY DOSE ‐ short term

Adverse effects: 5a. Movement disorders ‐ specific symptoms ‐ EPS: unspecified ‐ versus standard‐lower dose (greater than or equal to 4‐<6 mg/day) · patients with schizophrenia

STANDARD‐HIGHER DOSE (greater than or equal to 6‐<10 mg/day) showed no clear difference in adverse effects: EPS: unspecified ‐ Versus standard‐lower dose… compared with ANY DOSE ‐ short term (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Risperidone dose for schizophrenia 2009 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 2.46 [0.74, 8.14]
1 study · 39 participants
Moderate

Mannitol vs placebo / no treatment

Adverse effects · women at high risk of OHSS

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Volume expanders for the prevention of ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome 2016 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Human albumin vs placebo or no treatment

Adverse effects · women at high risk of OHSS

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Volume expanders for the prevention of ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome 2016 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

HES vs placebo or no treatment

Adverse effects · women at high risk of OHSS

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Volume expanders for the prevention of ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome 2016 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Alginate dressing vs alternative alginate dressing (Tegagen™ High Gelling)

Adverse effects · people with venous leg ulcers

1 finding from 1 review

Alginate dressings for venous leg ulcers 2015 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
0 studies · 0 participants
GRADE not reported

RISPERIDONE vs OLANZAPINE

Adverse effects: Parkinsonism ‐ average endpoint score (SAS, high = worse) · people with both severe mental illness and substance misuse

1 finding from 1 review

Risperidone versus other antipsychotics for people with severe mental illness and co‐occurring substance misuse 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 16 participants
Very low

Group B antipsychotic drugs: olanzapine + supportive intervention vs placebo or supportive treatment

Weight gain · people in the prodromal stage of psychosis

1 finding from 1 review

Interventions for prodromal stage of psychosis 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 59 participants
Very low